Population genomics for wildlife conservation and management

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 62 - 82

Published: Nov. 4, 2020

Biodiversity is under threat worldwide. Over the past decade, field of population genomics has developed across nonmodel organisms, and results this research have begun to be applied in conservation management wildlife species. Genomics tools can provide precise estimates basic features populations, such as effective size, inbreeding, demographic history structure, that are critical for efforts. Moreover, studies identify particular genetic loci variants responsible inbreeding depression or adaptation changing environments, allowing efforts estimate capacity populations evolve adapt response environmental change manage adaptive variation. While connections from been slow develop, these increasingly strengthening. Here we review primary areas which approaches management, highlight examples how they used, recommendations building on progress made field.

Language: Английский

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Conservation genetics as a management tool: The five best-supported paradigms to assist the management of threatened species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 119(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

About 50 y ago, Crow and Kimura [ An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory (1970)] Ohta Genet. Res. 22, 201–204 (1973)] laid the foundations of conservation genetics by predicting relationship between population size genetic marker diversity. This work sparked an enormous research effort investigating importance dynamics, in particular small size, for mean performance, viability, evolutionary potential. In light a recent perspective [J. C. Teixeira, D. Huber, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118, 10 (2021)] that challenges some fundamental assumptions genetics, it is timely summarize what field has achieved, robust patterns have emerged, worthwhile future directions. We consider theory methodological breakthroughs helped management, we outline applied genetics.

Language: Английский

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Climate change threatens Chinook salmon throughout their life cycle

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Abstract Widespread declines in Atlantic and Pacific salmon ( Salmo salar Oncorhynchus spp.) have tracked recent climate changes, but managers still lack quantitative projections of the viability any individual population response to future change. To address this gap, we assembled a vast database survival other data for eight wild populations threatened Chinook O. tshawytscha ). For each population, evaluated impacts at all life stages modeled trajectories forced by global model projections. Populations rapidly declined increasing sea surface temperatures factors across diverse assumptions scenarios. Strong density dependence limited number that survived early stages, suggesting potentially efficacious target conservation effort. Other solutions require better understanding limit sea. We conclude dramatic increases smolt are needed overcome negative change species.

Language: Английский

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Conservation and the Genomics of Populations

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Abstract Loss of biodiversity is among the greatest problems facing world today. Conservation and Genomics Populations gives a comprehensive overview essential background, concepts, tools needed to understand how genetic information can be used conserve species threatened with extinction, manage ecological or commercial importance. New molecular techniques, statistical methods, computer programs, principles, methods are becoming increasingly useful in conservation biological diversity. Using balance data theory, coupled basic applied research examples, this book examines phenotypic variation natural populations, principles mechanisms evolutionary change, interpretation from these conservation. The includes examples plants, animals, microbes wild captive populations. This third edition has been thoroughly revised include advances genomics contains new chapters on population genomics, monitoring, genetics practice, as well sections climate emerging diseases, metagenomics, more. More than one-third references were published after previous edition. Each 24 Appendix end Guest Box written by an expert who provides example presented chapter their own work. for advanced undergraduate graduate students genetics, resource management, biology, professional biologists policy-makers working wildlife habitat management agencies. Much will also interest nonprofessionals curious about role

Language: Английский

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Effects of global warming on sex ratios in fishes

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 97(3), P. 596 - 606

Published: June 11, 2020

Abstract In fishes, sex is determined by genetics, the environment or an interaction of both. Temperature among most important environmental factors that can affect determination. As a consequence, changes in temperature at critical developmental stages induce biases primary ratios some species. However, early also be biased sex‐specific tolerances to stresses may, cases, amplified water temperature. Sex‐specific reactions stress have been observed larval before gonad formation starts. It therefore necessary distinguish between effects on determination, generally acting through axis epigenetic mechanisms, and mortality. Both are likely hence population dynamics. Moreover, cases where determination lead genotype–phenotype mismatches, long‐term dynamics possible, for example temperature‐induced masculinization potentially leading loss Y chromosomes feminization male‐biased operational future generations. To date, studies under controlled conditions conclude if affects ratios, elevated temperatures mostly male bias. The few performed wild populations seem confirm this general trend. Recent findings suggest transgenerational plasticity could mitigate warming populations.

Language: Английский

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Maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae): a synthesis of ecological, genetic, and molecular processes

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 523 - 571

Published: June 7, 2021

Abstract Over the past decades, Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar, Salmonidae) has emerged as a model system for sexual maturation research, owing to high diversity of life history strategies, knowledge trait genetic architecture, and their economic value. The aim this synthesis is summarize current state concerning in salmon, outline gaps, provide roadmap future work. We knowledge: 1) takes place over entire cycle, starting early embryo development, 2) variation timing promotes 3) ecological factors influence maturation, 4) processes are sex-specific may have fitness consequences each sex, 5) genomic studies identified large-effect loci that 6) brain-pituitary–gonadal axis regulates molecular physiological 7) key component fisheries, aquaculture, conservation, management, 8) climate change, fishing pressure, other anthropogenic stressors likely major effects on maturation. In future, research should focus broader stages, including embryonic marine phase return migration. recommend combining approaches will help disentangle relative contributions different stages Functional validation reveal how these genes Finally, continued improve our predictions adapt challenges.

Language: Английский

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Genomic evidence of past and future climate-linked loss in a migratory Arctic fish

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 158 - 165

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Genetic approaches for increasing fitness in endangered species

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 332 - 345

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Predicting Thermal Adaptation by Looking Into Populations’ Genomic Past

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Molecular evolution offers an insightful theory to interpret the genomic consequences of thermal adaptation previous events climate change beyond range shifts. However, disentangling often mixed footprints selective and demographic processes from those due lineage sorting, recombination rate variation constrains is not trivial. Therefore, here we condense current historical population tools study adaptation, outline key developments (genomic-prediction, machine-learning) that might assist their utilization for improving forecasts populations' responses variation. We start by summarizing how recent thermal-driven can be inferred coalescent methods, in turn quantitative genetic suitable multi-trait predictions over a few generations via breeder's equation. later assume enough have passed as display signatures divergent selection variation, describe these reconstructed using genome-wide association scans, or alternatively, may used forward prediction multiple under infinitesimal model. Finally, move deeper time comprehend shifts at evolutionary scale relying on phylogeographic approaches allow reticulate ecological parapatric speciation, end envisioning potential modern machine learning techniques better inform long-term predictions. conclude foreseeing future adaptive requires bridging spatial scales predictive environmental research cohesive such frameworks.

Language: Английский

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The Decline and Impending Collapse of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Population in the North Atlantic Ocean: A Review of Possible Causes

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 215 - 258

Published: July 1, 2021

Adult returns to many Atlantic salmon wild and hatchery stocks of the North have declined or collapsed since 1985. Enhancement, commercial fishery closures, angling restrictions failed halt decline. Human impacts such as dams, pollution marine overexploitation were responsible for some stock declines in past, but adult river with no obvious local also Multiple studies postulated that recent widespread occurrence low may be caused by climate change, farming, food availability at sea, predators these possibilities are unsupported persist near historic levels, loss remote from farm sites, a diverse prey field, scarcity large offshore predators. The decline collapse has common characteristics: 1) cyclic annual cease, 2) flatline, 3) mean size declines, 4) collapses occurred earliest among watersheds distant Sub-polar Gyre (NASpG). Cyclic all past not impacted anthropogenic changes their natal streams. A flatline abundance reduction characteristics overexploited fish suggest illegal, unreported, unregulated (IUU) fisheries exploitation sea. Distance NASpG causing higher mortality migrating post-smolts would increase potential IUU exploitation. By-catch adults paired-trawl off Europe intercept Greenland, Gulf St. Lawrence, been sources seem unlikely primary cause Distribution time space former, legal high-sea indicated fishers well acquainted ocean migratory pattern combined lack surveillance 1985 outside Exclusive Economic Zones northern regions high at-sea occurs because fisheries. problem is acute, numerous desired species worldwide, probably linked impending population.

Language: Английский

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