The Gut and the Translocated Microbiomes in HIV Infection: Current Concepts and Future Avenues DOI Creative Commons
Krystelle Nganou‐Makamdop, Daniel C. Douek

Pathogens and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 24, 2024

It is widely acknowledged that HIV infection results in disruption of the gut’s mucosal integrity partly due a profound loss gastrointestinal CD4+ T cells are targets virus. In addition, systemic inflammation and immune activation drive disease pathogenesis reduced but not normalized by antiretroviral therapy (ART). has long been postulated through process microbial translocation, gut microbiome acts as key driver recovery infection. As such, many studies have aimed at characterizing microbiota order to unravel its influence people with reported an association between various bacterial taxa inflammation. This review assesses both contradictory consistent findings among several clarify overall mechanisms which adults may Independently microbiome, observations made from analysis products blood provide direct insight into how translocated recovery. To help better understand strengths limitations reported, this also highlights numerous factors can studies, be they experimental methodologies, host-intrinsic or host-extrinsic factors. Altogether, fuller understanding interplay immunity contribute preventive therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression DOI Creative Commons
Taketoshi Mizutani, Aya Ishizaka, Michiko Koga

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 950 - 950

Published: May 1, 2022

Viral infections are influenced by various microorganisms in the environment surrounding target tissue, and correlation between type balance of commensal microbiota is key to establishment infection pathogenicity. Some known resist or promote viral infection, while others involved It also becoming evident that profile under normal conditions influences progression diseases. Thus, understand pathogenesis underlying infections, it important elucidate interactions among viruses, tissues, environment, including microbiota, which should have different relationships with each virus. In this review, we outline role infections. Particularly, focus on gaining an in-depth understanding correlations gut virome, discussing impact changes (dysbiosis) pathological

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Tunes Host Immunity, Metabolism, and Extraintestinal Disorders DOI Creative Commons
Moyan Liu, Max Nieuwdorp, Willem M. de Vos

et al.

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 834 - 834

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

The trillions of commensal microorganisms comprising the gut microbiota have received growing attention owing to their impact on host physiology. Recent advances in our understandings host–microbiota crosstalk support a pivotal role microbiota-derived metabolites various physiological processes, as they serve messengers complex dialogue between commensals and immune endocrine cells. In this review, we highlight importance tryptophan-derived physiology, summarize recent findings tryptophan catabolites preserving intestinal homeostasis fine-tuning metabolic responses. Furthermore, discuss latest evidence effects microbial catabolites, describe mechanisms action, how perturbations metabolism may affect course extraintestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic kidney cardiovascular diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Impaired gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acid production precedes morbidity and mortality in people with HIV DOI Creative Commons
Irini Sereti, Myrthe L. Verburgh, Jacob Gifford

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(11), P. 113336 - 113336

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically lengthened lifespan among people with HIV (PWH), but this population experiences heightened rates of inflammation-related comorbidities. HIV-associated inflammation is linked an altered microbiome; whether such alterations precede comorbidities or occur as their consequence remains unknown. We find that ART-treated PWH exhibit depletion gut-resident bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-crucial microbial metabolites anti-inflammatory properties. Prior reports establish fecal SCFA concentrations are not depleted in PWH. gut-microbiota-mediated production capacity better reflected serum than feces and reduced SCFA, which associates inflammatory markers. Leveraging stool samples collected prior to comorbidity onset, we HIV-specific microbiome morbidity mortality Among these alterations, microbiome-mediated conversion lactate propionate precedes Thus, gut fiber/lactate SCFAs may modulate risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Differential effects of antiretroviral treatment on immunity and gut microbiome composition in people living with HIV in rural versus urban Zimbabwe DOI Creative Commons

Angela Sofia Burkhart Colorado,

Alessandro Lazzaro, C. Preston Neff

et al.

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

The widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mortality and improved life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, even HIV-1 suppression, chronic immune activation elevated inflammation persist have been linked to a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome composition compromised intestinal barrier integrity. PLWH in urban versus rural areas sub-Saharan Africa experience differences environmental factors that may impact the system, response ART, yet this not previously investigated these groups. To address this, we measured T cell activation/exhaustion/trafficking markers, plasma inflammatory fecal healthy participants recruited from an clinic city Harare, Zimbabwe, district hospital services surrounding villages. were either ART naïve at baseline sampled again after 24 weeks first-line antibiotic cotrimoxazole or ART-experienced both timepoints.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus DOI Creative Commons
Daniel R. Dickstein,

Collin R. Edwards,

Catherine Rowan

et al.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 377 - 405

Published: May 19, 2024

The ability to experience pleasurable sexual activity is important for human health. Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) a common, though frequently stigmatized, activity. Little known about how diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus their treatments affect RAI. Engaging in RAI with gastrointestinal disease can be difficult due unpredictability symptoms treatment-related toxic effects. Patients might sphincter hypertonicity, symptom-specific anxiety, altered pelvic blood flow from structural disorders, decreased sensation cancer-directed therapies or body image issues stoma creation. These result problematic — encompassing anodyspareunia (painful RAI), arousal dysfunction, orgasm dysfunction desire. Therapeutic strategies patients living and/or include floor muscle strengthening stretching, psychological interventions, restorative devices. Providing health-care professionals framework discuss diagnose help improve patient outcomes. Normalizing RAI, affirming pleasure acknowledging that system involved pleasure, function health will transform scientific paradigm one more just equitable. an consideration disorders cancers. This Review discusses anorectum as organ, providing overview itself associated (such surgery) Strategies manage are also described.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Managing HIV‐associated inflammation and ageing in the era of modern ART DOI Open Access
Mark Bloch, Mina John, Don Smith

et al.

HIV Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(S3), P. 2 - 16

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Objectives This paper aims to address the concerns around ongoing immune activation, inflammation, and resistance in those ageing with HIV that represent current challenges for clinicians. Methods Presentations at a symposium addressing issues of infection were reviewed synthesised. Results The changing natural history demographics human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals means new contemporary management. In early years epidemic,management was focussed on acute, potentially life‐threatening AIDS‐related complications. From initial monotherapy first‐generation antiretroviral therapy (ART), development combination highly active ART (HAART) allowed control but toxicities, treatment adherence drug emerged as major issues. Today, availability potent tolerable has made viral suppression achievable most people living (PLHIV), clinicians are confronted managing chronic condition among an population. diseases co‐morbidities associated HIV‐infection, even when well controlled, results complex set many older PLHIV. There is growing appreciation non‐AIDS‐related caused, least part, by persistent, low‐grade hypercoagulability, despite suppressive ART. Conclusions order further improve management, it important understand enduring effects chronically suppressed infection, potential contribution these factors process, possibility resistance, impact different strategies, including initiation.

Language: Английский

Citations

46
Repurposing Metformin in Nondiabetic People With HIV: Influence on Weight and Gut Microbiota DOI Creative Commons
Stéphane Isnard, John Lin,

Brandon Fombuena

et al.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(9)

Published: Aug. 8, 2020

People with HIV (PWH) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) may experience weight gain, dyslipidemia, increased risk of non-AIDS comorbidities, and long-term alteration the gut microbiota. Both low CD4/CD8 ratio chronic inflammation have been associated changes in microbiota PWH. The antidiabetic drug metformin has shown to improve composition while decreasing diabetes polycystic ovary syndrome. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether benefit PWH receiving ART, especially those a ratio.In Lilac pilot trial, we recruited 23 nondiabetic ART for more than 2 years (<0.7). Blood stool samples were collected during study visits at baseline, after 12-week treatment, 12 weeks discontinuation. Microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, markers assessed plasma.Metformin decreased PWH, loss inversely correlated plasma levels satiety factor GDF-15. Furthermore, changed increasing abundance anti-inflammatory bacteria such as butyrate-producing species protective Akkermansia muciniphila.Our provides first evidence that treatment favored ART-treated Larger randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials longer will be needed further investigate role reducing comorbidities

Language: Английский

Citations

40
Residual immune dysfunction under antiretroviral therapy DOI
Catherine W. Cai, Irini Sereti

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 101471 - 101471

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

40
Meta-analysis defines predominant shared microbial responses in various diseases and a specific inflammatory bowel disease signal DOI Creative Commons

Haya Abbas‐Egbariya,

Yael Haberman,

Tzipi Braun

et al.

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Gut microbial alteration is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease but noted other diseases. Systematic comparison to define similarities and specificities hampered since most studies focus on a single disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Gut Bacterial Communities in HIV-Infected Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of the Therapy with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based and Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens DOI Creative Commons
Tonatiuh Abimael Baltazar-Díaz, Fernando Amador-Lara, Jaime Andrade‐Villanueva

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 951 - 951

Published: April 6, 2023

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) are strongly associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development in HIV-infected patients. Few studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based protease (PI)-based regimens patients MetS. To assess this, fecal samples were obtained from treated different (16 PI + MetS or 30 INSTI MetS) 18 healthy controls (HCs). The microbial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. INSTI-based PI-based a significant decrease α-diversity compared to HCs. group showed lowest both regimens. A increase abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Roseburia, Dorea, Ruminococcus torques, Coprococcus) observed group, while Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Succinivibrio significantly increased group. Moreover, Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio overrepresented, functional pathways related biosynthesis LPS components receiving INSTIs more pronounced dysbiosis orchestrated by decreased bacterial richness diversity, an almost complete absence SCFA-producing bacteria alterations pathways. These findings not been previously observed.

Language: Английский

Citations

14