Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 950 - 950

Published: May 1, 2022

Viral infections are influenced by various microorganisms in the environment surrounding target tissue, and correlation between type balance of commensal microbiota is key to establishment infection pathogenicity. Some known resist or promote viral infection, while others involved It also becoming evident that profile under normal conditions influences progression diseases. Thus, understand pathogenesis underlying infections, it important elucidate interactions among viruses, tissues, environment, including microbiota, which should have different relationships with each virus. In this review, we outline role infections. Particularly, focus on gaining an in-depth understanding correlations gut virome, discussing impact changes (dysbiosis) pathological

Language: Английский

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Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism Tunes Host Immunity, Metabolism, and Extraintestinal Disorders

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 834 - 834

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

The trillions of commensal microorganisms comprising the gut microbiota have received growing attention owing to their impact on host physiology. Recent advances in our understandings host–microbiota crosstalk support a pivotal role microbiota-derived metabolites various physiological processes, as they serve messengers complex dialogue between commensals and immune endocrine cells. In this review, we highlight importance tryptophan-derived physiology, summarize recent findings tryptophan catabolites preserving intestinal homeostasis fine-tuning metabolic responses. Furthermore, discuss latest evidence effects microbial catabolites, describe mechanisms action, how perturbations metabolism may affect course extraintestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic kidney cardiovascular diseases.

Language: Английский

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Differential effects of antiretroviral treatment on immunity and gut microbiome composition in people living with HIV in rural versus urban Zimbabwe

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

The widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mortality and improved life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, even HIV-1 suppression, chronic immune activation elevated inflammation persist have been linked to a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome composition compromised intestinal barrier integrity. PLWH in urban versus rural areas sub-Saharan Africa experience differences environmental factors that may impact the system, response ART, yet this not previously investigated these groups. To address this, we measured T cell activation/exhaustion/trafficking markers, plasma inflammatory fecal healthy participants recruited from an clinic city Harare, Zimbabwe, district hospital services surrounding villages. were either ART naïve at baseline sampled again after 24 weeks first-line antibiotic cotrimoxazole or ART-experienced both timepoints.

Language: Английский

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Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 377 - 405

Published: May 19, 2024

The ability to experience pleasurable sexual activity is important for human health. Receptive anal intercourse (RAI) a common, though frequently stigmatized, activity. Little known about how diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus their treatments affect RAI. Engaging in RAI with gastrointestinal disease can be difficult due unpredictability symptoms treatment-related toxic effects. Patients might sphincter hypertonicity, symptom-specific anxiety, altered pelvic blood flow from structural disorders, decreased sensation cancer-directed therapies or body image issues stoma creation. These result problematic — encompassing anodyspareunia (painful RAI), arousal dysfunction, orgasm dysfunction desire. Therapeutic strategies patients living and/or include floor muscle strengthening stretching, psychological interventions, restorative devices. Providing health-care professionals framework discuss diagnose help improve patient outcomes. Normalizing RAI, affirming pleasure acknowledging that system involved pleasure, function health will transform scientific paradigm one more just equitable. an consideration disorders cancers. This Review discusses anorectum as organ, providing overview itself associated (such surgery) Strategies manage are also described.

Language: Английский

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Managing HIV‐associated inflammation and ageing in the era of modern ART

HIV Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(S3), P. 2 - 16

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Objectives This paper aims to address the concerns around ongoing immune activation, inflammation, and resistance in those ageing with HIV that represent current challenges for clinicians. Methods Presentations at a symposium addressing issues of infection were reviewed synthesised. Results The changing natural history demographics human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals means new contemporary management. In early years epidemic,management was focussed on acute, potentially life‐threatening AIDS‐related complications. From initial monotherapy first‐generation antiretroviral therapy (ART), development combination highly active ART (HAART) allowed control but toxicities, treatment adherence drug emerged as major issues. Today, availability potent tolerable has made viral suppression achievable most people living (PLHIV), clinicians are confronted managing chronic condition among an population. diseases co‐morbidities associated HIV‐infection, even when well controlled, results complex set many older PLHIV. There is growing appreciation non‐AIDS‐related caused, least part, by persistent, low‐grade hypercoagulability, despite suppressive ART. Conclusions order further improve management, it important understand enduring effects chronically suppressed infection, potential contribution these factors process, possibility resistance, impact different strategies, including initiation.

Language: Английский

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Residual immune dysfunction under antiretroviral therapy

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 101471 - 101471

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis defines predominant shared microbial responses in various diseases and a specific inflammatory bowel disease signal

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Gut microbial alteration is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease but noted other diseases. Systematic comparison to define similarities and specificities hampered since most studies focus on a single disease.

Language: Английский

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Impaired gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acid production precedes morbidity and mortality in people with HIV

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(11), P. 113336 - 113336

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically lengthened lifespan among people with HIV (PWH), but this population experiences heightened rates of inflammation-related comorbidities. HIV-associated inflammation is linked an altered microbiome; whether such alterations precede comorbidities or occur as their consequence remains unknown. We find that ART-treated PWH exhibit depletion gut-resident bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-crucial microbial metabolites anti-inflammatory properties. Prior reports establish fecal SCFA concentrations are not depleted in PWH. gut-microbiota-mediated production capacity better reflected serum than feces and reduced SCFA, which associates inflammatory markers. Leveraging stool samples collected prior to comorbidity onset, we HIV-specific microbiome morbidity mortality Among these alterations, microbiome-mediated conversion lactate propionate precedes Thus, gut fiber/lactate SCFAs may modulate risk.

Language: Английский

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Gut Bacterial Communities in HIV-Infected Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of the Therapy with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based and Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 951 - 951

Published: April 6, 2023

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) are strongly associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development in HIV-infected patients. Few studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based protease (PI)-based regimens patients MetS. To assess this, fecal samples were obtained from treated different (16 PI + MetS or 30 INSTI MetS) 18 healthy controls (HCs). The microbial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. INSTI-based PI-based a significant decrease α-diversity compared to HCs. group showed lowest both regimens. A increase abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Roseburia, Dorea, Ruminococcus torques, Coprococcus) observed group, while Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Succinivibrio significantly increased group. Moreover, Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio overrepresented, functional pathways related biosynthesis LPS components receiving INSTIs more pronounced dysbiosis orchestrated by decreased bacterial richness diversity, an almost complete absence SCFA-producing bacteria alterations pathways. These findings not been previously observed.

Language: Английский

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From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 21, 2024

Abstract Background Although the microbiota has been extensively associated with HIV pathogenesis, majority of studies, particularly those using omics techniques, are largely correlative and serve primarily as a basis for hypothesis generation. Furthermore, most have focused on characterizing taxonomic composition bacterial component, often overlooking other levels microbiome. The intricate mechanisms by which influences immune responses to still poorly understood. Interventional studies gut provide powerful tool test whether we can harness improve health outcomes in people HIV. Results Here, review multifaceted role microbiome HIV/SIV disease progression its potential therapeutic target. We explore complex interplay between microbial dysbiosis systemic inflammation, highlighting microbiome-based therapeutics open new avenues management. These include exploring efficacy probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation, targeted dietary modifications. also address challenges inherent this research area, such difficulty inducing long-lasting alterations complexities study designs, including variations probiotic strains, donor selection FMT, antibiotic conditioning regimens, hurdles translating findings into clinical practice. Finally, speculate future directions rapidly evolving field, emphasizing need more granular understanding microbiome-immune interactions, development personalized therapies, application novel technologies identify agents. Conclusions Our underscores importance target innovative strategies.

Language: Английский

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