Threats to global food security from emerging fungal and oomycete crop pathogens

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(6), P. 332 - 342

Published: June 8, 2020

Language: Английский

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Plant pathogen infection risk tracks global crop yields under climate change

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 710 - 715

Published: Aug. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Long‐term nitrogen input alters plant and soil bacterial, but not fungal beta diversity in a semiarid grassland

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(16), P. 3939 - 3950

Published: May 16, 2021

Abstract Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) input is known to alter plant and microbial α‐diversity, but how N enrichment influences β‐diversity of communities remains poorly understood. Using a long‐term multilevel addition experiment in temperate steppe, we show that plant, soil bacterial fungal exhibited different responses their input. Plant decreased linearly as increased, result increased directional environmental filtering, where properties largely explained variation β‐diversity. Soil first then with increasing input, which was best by corresponding changes heterogeneity. β‐diversity, however, remained unchanged across the gradient, properties, heterogeneity together explaining an insignificant fraction reflecting importance stochastic community assembly. Our study demonstrates divergent effect on assembly communities, emphasizing need examine closely associated fundamental components (i.e., plants microorganisms) ecosystems gain more complete understanding ecological consequences anthropogenic enrichment.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and plant pathogens

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 102233 - 102233

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Temperature-dependent variations in under-canopy herbaceous foliar diseases following shrub encroachment in grasslands

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Shrub encroachment into grasslands poses a global concern, impacting species biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Yet, the effect of shrub on herbaceous diseases dependence that climatic factors remain ambiguous. This study spans over 4,000 km, examining significant variability in temperature precipitation. Our findings reveal plant richness diminishes pathogen load foliar fungal plants both grassland patches. Temperature emerges as primary driver variations biomass within communities. Disparities between patches elucidate changes load. In colder regions, Conversely, warmer shrubs either do not reduce or even amplify These discoveries underscore necessity for adaptive management strategies tailored to specific scenarios. affects functioning, but its impact role unclear. finds regions may increase it with being these variations.

Language: Английский

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Nonlinear shifts in infectious rust disease due to climate change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 24, 2021

Abstract Range shifts of infectious plant disease are expected under climate change. As diseases move, emergent abiotic-biotic interactions predicted to modify their distributions, leading unexpected changes in risk. Evidence these complex range due change, however, remains largely speculative. Here, we combine a long-term study the tree disease, white pine blister rust, with six-year field assessment drought-disease southern Sierra Nevada. We find that change between 1996 and 2016 moved optimum into higher elevations. The nonlinear change-disease relationship contributed an estimated 5.5 (4.4–6.6) percentage points (p.p.) decline prevalence arid regions 6.8 (5.8–7.9) p.p. increase colder regions. Though likely expanded suitable area for rust by 777.9 (1.0–1392.9) km 2 previously inhospitable regions, combination host-pathogen substantial decrease (32.79%) mean surveys. Specifically, declining alternate host abundance suppressed infection probabilities at high elevations, even as climatic conditions became more suitable. Further, varied strength direction across aridity gradient—likely decreasing risk low elevations while simultaneously increasing These results highlight critical role modifying host-pathogen-drought interactions. Variation topographic gradients can strongly mediate response

Language: Английский

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Climate change, its impact on crop production, challenges, and possible solutions

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 13020 - 13020

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Climate change poses serious threats to agriculture and food security, extreme weather events have reduced crop productivity worldwide. Future projections predict that the average global temperature will rise by 2.0 6.4 °C increase in sea level be 59 cm end of 21st century. The unprecedented has led an incidence heat waves, droughts, floods, irregular patterns precipitation. These changes a dramatic impact on prevailing agricultural cropping systems, productivity, security people regionally globally. climatic parameters substantial effects weeds, diseases, insect, pests different ways, can result their geographical distribution, number generations, survival during winter. Thus, sustain production eve climate is main challenge. Therefore, adaptation measures are prerequisites reduce crops. In this review, brief insight been given and, future challenges addition, integrated approaches, or recent developments for improvement crops such as breeding, transgenic approaches biotechnology, functional genomics, agronomic practices, cultivation resilient crops, nanotechnology abiotic stress drought stress, temperature, heat, salinity tolerance also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Not every high‐latitude or high‐elevation forest edge is a treeline

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(5), P. 838 - 845

Published: March 14, 2023

Abstract Attempts at identifying climate warming effects on mountain and arctic vegetation caused a recent hype in treeline studies. In this perspectives article, we recall the need of clear‐cut definitions, consistent terminology theoretical framework that permits hypothesis testing. Founded ecological niche concept, application fundamental edge to defining potential climatic limit tree growth, while realized captures all deviations for reasons related other, more local, abiotic factors, biotic interactions, disturbances human interventions. An important point is globally common phenomenon calls driver which temperature low life form tree. We explain why other factors may affect local range limits, such as microclimate, moisture wind do not devaluate classical isotherm concept. Our key message applying clearly defined concept treeline, also allows from it explaining within reproducible framework.

Language: Английский

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The influence of tree genus, phylogeny, and richness on the specificity, rarity, and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Partner specificity is a well‐documented phenomenon in biotic interactions, yet the factors that determine plant‐fungal associations remain largely unknown. By utilizing composite soil samples, we identified predictors drive partner both plants and fungi, with particular focus on ectomycorrhizal associations. Fungal guilds exhibited significant differences overall preference avoidance, richness, to specific tree genera. The highest level of was observed root endophytic associations, while lowest found arbuscular mycorrhizal majority fungal species showed for one their trees, primarily at plant genus level. Specialist fungi were dominant belowground communities terms richness relative abundance. Moreover, all genera (and occasionally species) demonstrated certain groups. not related rarity or environmental conditions, except pH. Depending genus, became more prevalent relatively abundant increasing stand age, dominance, pH conditions optimal genus. increased evenness multi‐host enhanced fungi. However, it partner‐generalist contributed high diversity mixed forests.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change Effects on Pathogen Emergence: Artificial Intelligence to Translate Big Data for Mitigation

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 357 - 378

Published: June 2, 2022

Plant pathology has developed a wide range of concepts and tools for improving plant disease management, including models understanding responding to new risks from climate change. Most these can be improved using advances in artificial intelligence (AI), such as machine learning integrate massive data sets predictive models. There is the potential develop automated analyses risk that alert decision-makers, farm managers national protection organizations, likely need action provide decision support targeting responses. We review machine-learning applications synthesize ideas next steps make most digital agriculture. Global projects, proposed global surveillance system disease, will strengthened by integration data, like remote sensors, are used evaluate ofplant disease. exciting use AI strengthen capacity building well, image analysis diagnostics associated management recommendations on farmers' phones future training methodologies pathologists customized real-time needs response current risks. International cooperation integrating help effective responses challenges

Language: Английский

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