A myxozoan genome reveals mosaic evolution in a parasitic cnidarian

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Abstract Background Parasite evolution has been conceptualized as a process of genetic loss and simplification. Contrary to this model, there is evidence expansion conservation gene families related essential functions parasitism in some parasite genomes, reminiscent widespread mosaic —where subregions genome have different rates evolutionary change. We found the cnidarian Myxobolus honghuensis , myxozoan fish, with extremely simple morphology. Results compared M. other myxozoans free-living cnidarians, determined that it relatively larger (206 Mb), which less reduced compact due retention, large introns, transposon insertion, but not polyploidy. Relative metazoans, depleted neural genes only simplest animal immune components. Conversely, more involved stress resistance, tissue invasion, energy metabolism, cellular processes cnidarians. postulate these result adaptations endoparasitism. retains Cnidaria, including nervous system, myogenic components, ANTP class Homeobox genes, components Wnt Hedgehog pathways. Conclusions Our analyses suggest evolved conservative, divergent, depleted, enhanced These findings illustrate are genetically previously regarded, driven by both genomic streamlining expansion.

Language: Английский

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Robust 3D modeling reveals spatiosyntenic properties of animal genomes

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 106136 - 106136

Published: Feb. 4, 2023

Animal genomes are organized into chromosomes that remarkably conserved in their gene content, forming distinct evolutionary units (synteny). Using versatile chromosomal modeling, we infer three-dimensional topology of from representative clades spanning the earliest animal diversification. We apply a partitioning approach using interaction spheres to compensate for varying quality topological data. comparative genomics approaches, test whether syntenic signal at pair, local, and whole scale is reflected reconstructed spatial organization. identify evolutionarily networks all scales revealing novel maintained interactors associated with known local linkages (such as hox). thus present evidence constraints three-, rather than just two-, dimensional genome organization, which term spatiosynteny. As more accurate data become available, together validation spatiosynteny may relevant understanding functionality behind observed conservation chromosomes.

Language: Английский

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Morphological and molecular data in the study of the evolution, population genetics and taxonomy of Rhizostomeae

Advances in marine biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 361 - 396

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Conservation and turnover of miRNAs and their highly complementary targets in early branching animals

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 288(1945), P. 20203169 - 20203169

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators that have been extensively studied in Bilateria, a group comprising the majority of extant animals, where more than 30 conserved miRNA families identified. By contrast, bilaterian targets largely not conserved. Cnidaria is sister to Bilateria and thus provides unique opportunity for comparative studies. Strikingly, like their plant counterparts, cnidarian miRNAs shown predominantly highly complementary leading transcript cleavage by Argonaute proteins. Here, we assess conservation small RNA sequencing followed target prediction eight species Anthozoa (sea anemones corals), earliest-branching class. We uncover dozens novel but only few ones. Further, given high complementarity, were able computationally identify each species. Besides evidence specific sites, which maintained between sea stony corals across 500 Myr evolution, also find indications convergent evolution regulation different miRNAs. Our data indicate cnidarians corresponding targets, despite suggesting evolutionary turnover.

Language: Английский

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Convergent and divergent evolution of microRNA‐mediated regulation in metazoans

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99(2), P. 525 - 545

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

ABSTRACT The evolution of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied extensively to understand their roles in gene regulation and evolutionary processes. This review focuses on how miRNA‐mediated evolved bilaterian animals, highlighting both convergent divergent evolution. Since animals plants display significant differences miRNA biogenesis target recognition, the ‘independent origin’ hypothesis proposes that pathways these groups independently from RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, leading modern repertoires through However, recent evidence raises alternative possibility pathway might have already existed last common ancestor eukaryotes, among animal plant lineages arise lineage‐specific innovations losses pathways, acquisition, loss miRNAs after eukaryotic divergence. repertoire considerably expanded during evolution, primarily de novo creation duplication processes, generating new miRNAs. Although ancient functionally established are rarely lost, many newly emerged transient lineage specific, following a birth–death pattern aligning with ‘out‐of‐the‐testis’ ‘transcriptional control’ hypotheses. Our focus then shifts molecular We summarize clustering seed mimicry contribute this phenomenon, we different sources converge degrade maternal messenger RNAs (mRNAs) development. Additionally, describe evolve across species due changes sequence, shifting, arm switching, spatiotemporal expression patterns, which can result variations sites orthologous distant strains or species. also provide summary current understanding regarding vary distantly related paralogous retain mature sequences duplication, alterations occur patterns miRNAs, functional diversification. discuss our divergence between duplicated illustrate diversification impacts site By investigating topics, aim enhance functions dynamics shed light existing challenges studies, particularly complexity deciphering role regulatory network shaping phenotypic

Language: Английский

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