Einkorn genomics sheds light on history of the oldest domesticated wheat

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 620(7975), P. 830 - 838

Published: Aug. 2, 2023

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) was the first domesticated wheat species, and central to birth of agriculture Neolithic Revolution in Fertile Crescent around 10,000 years ago1,2. Here we generate analyse 5.2-Gb genome assemblies for wild einkorn, including completely assembled centromeres. centromeres are highly dynamic, showing evidence ancient recent centromere shifts caused by structural rearrangements. Whole-genome sequencing analysis a diversity panel uncovered population structure evolutionary history revealing complex patterns hybridizations introgressions after dispersal einkorn from Crescent. We also show that 1% modern bread aestivum) A subgenome originates einkorn. These resources findings highlight evolution provide basis accelerate genomics-assisted improvement wheat.

Language: Английский

---

Domestication and the evolution of crops: variable syndromes, complex genetic architectures, and ecological entanglements

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 1227 - 1241

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Domestication can be considered a specialized mutualism in which domesticator exerts control over the reproduction or propagation (fitness) of domesticated species to gain resources services. The evolution crops by human-associated selection provides powerful set models study recent evolutionary adaptations and their genetic bases. Moreover, domestication dispersal such as rice, maize, wheat during Holocene transformed human social political organization serving key mechanism societies fed themselves. Here we review major themes identify emerging questions three fundamental areas crop research: phenotypes syndromes, architecture underlying evolution, ecology domestication. Current insights on syndrome largely come from research cereal rice work indicates distinct arise different histories. While early studies genetics often identified single large-effect loci traits, evidence supports polygenic bases for many canonical traits shattering plant architecture. Adaptation human-constructed environments also influenced ecological domesticates resource acquisition rates interactions with other organisms root mycorrhizal fungi pollinators. Understanding context will developing resource-efficient implementing more sustainable land management cultivation practices.

Language: Английский

---

Advancing crop genomics from lab to field

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 595 - 601

Published: May 1, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 134(6), P. 1787 - 1815

Published: Jan. 23, 2021

Abstract Climate change is rapidly changing how we live, what eat and produce, the crops breed target traits. Previously underutilized orphan that are climate resilient receiving much attention from research community, as they often only left in field after periods of extreme weather conditions. There several with incredible resilience to biotic abiotic stresses. Some nutritious, while others provide good sources biofuel, medicine other industrial raw materials. Despite these benefits, still lacking important genetic genomic resources could be used fast track their improvement make production profitable. Progress has been made generating draft genomes at least 28 over last decade, thanks reducing cost sequencing. The implementation a structured breeding program takes advantage additional modern crop tools such selection, speed breeding, genome editing, high throughput phenotyping digitization would rapid possible, but require coordinated investment. Other challenges lack adequate germplasm conservation, poor/non-existent seed systems agricultural extension services, well poor marketing channels will also need improved if were We review importance under increasing effects change, highlight existing gaps addressed share some lessons learned major crops.

Language: Английский

---

Genomic insights into the evolution of Echinochloa species as weed and orphan crop

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Abstract As one of the great survivors plant kingdom, barnyard grasses ( Echinochloa spp.) are most noxious and common weeds in paddy ecosystems. Meanwhile, at least two species have been domesticated cultivated as millets. In order to better understand genomic forces driving evolution toward weed crop characteristics, we assemble genomes three (allohexaploid E. crus-galli colona , allotetraploid oryzicola ) re-sequence 737 accessions millets from 16 rice-producing countries. Phylogenomic comparative analyses reveal complex reticulate speciation polyploids provide evidence constrained disease-related gene copy numbers . A population-level investigation uncovers deep population differentiation for local adaptation, multiple target-site herbicide resistance mutations grasses, limited domestication Our results insights into dual roles crops well essential resources studying polyploidization, precision control millet improvements.

Language: Английский

---

Orphan Crops: A Best Fit for Dietary Enrichment and Diversification in Highly Deteriorated Marginal Environments

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Orphan crops are indigenous and invariably grown by small marginal farmers under subsistence farming systems. These crops, which common widely accepted local farmers, highly rich in nutritional profile, good for medicinal purposes, well adapted to suboptimal growing conditions. However, these have suffered neglect abandonment from the scientific community because of very low or no investments research genetic improvement. A plausible reason this is that not traded internationally at a rate comparable major food such as wheat, rice, maize. Furthermore, environments poor soils characterized extreme weather conditions heat, erratic rainfall, water deficit, soil salinity, among others. With more frequent climatic events continued land degradation, orphan beginning receive renewed attention alternative dietary diversification and, extension, across globe. Increased awareness health also contributor revived accorded crops. Thus, introduction, evaluation, adaptation outstanding varieties will contribute only sustained production but improved nutrition environments. In review article, concept vis-à-vis marginality security defined few We examined recent advances involving potential within context harsh Recent genomics coupled with molecular breeding play pivotal role improving help developing sustainable concluded presenting roadmap future engagement policy framework recommendations aimed facilitating enhancing adoption agriculturally

Language: Английский

---

Beyond a reference genome: pangenomes and population genomics of underutilized and orphan crops for future food and nutrition security

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(5), P. 1583 - 1597

Published: March 22, 2022

Summary Underutilized crops are, by definition, under‐researched compared to staple yet come with traits that may be especially important given climate change and the need feed a globally increasing population. These are often stress‐tolerant, this combined unique beneficial nutritional profiles. Whilst progress is being made generating reference genome sequences, in Tansley Review, we show how only very first step. We advocate going ‘beyond genome’ should priority, as it at stage one can identify specific genes adaptive alleles underpin valuable traits. sum up population genomic pangenomic approaches have led identification of stress‐ disease‐tolerant compare small number examples from underutilized crops. also demonstrate previously benefitted advances many breeding targets well studied This cross‐crop population‐level resequencing could lead an understanding genetic basis level investment crucial for fully value these before they lost.

Language: Английский

---

Plant genome resequencing and population genomics: Current status and future prospects

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1252 - 1268

Published: July 27, 2023

Advances in DNA sequencing technology have sparked a genomics revolution, driving breakthroughs plant genetics and crop breeding. Recently, the focus has shifted from cataloging genetic diversity plants to exploring their functional significance delivering beneficial alleles for improvement. This transformation been facilitated by increasing adoption of whole-genome resequencing. In this review, we summarize current progress population-based genome resequencing studies how these affect A total 187 land 163 countries resequenced, comprising 54 413 accessions. As part efforts 367 traits surveyed 86 genome-wide association conducted. Economically important crops, particularly cereals, vegetables, legumes, dominated efforts, leaving gap 49 orders, including Lycopodiales, Liliales, Acorales, Austrobaileyales, Commelinales. The resequenced germplasm is distributed across diverse geographic locations, providing global perspective on genomics. We highlight genes that selected during domestication, or associated with agronomic traits, form repository candidate future research application. Despite opportunities cross-species comparative genomics, many population genomic datasets are not accessible, impeding secondary analyses. call more open collaborative approach promotes data sharing encourages contribution-based credit policy. number will continue rise decreasing costs, coupled advances analysis computational technologies. expansion, terms both scale quality, holds promise deeper insights into trait breeding design.

Language: Английский

---

Revitalization of small millets for nutritional and food security by advanced genetics and genomics approaches

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Small millets, also known as nutri-cereals, are smart foods that expected to dominate food industries and diets achieve nutritional security. Nutri-cereals climate resilient nutritious. millet-based becoming popular in markets preferred for patients with celiac diabetes. These crops once ruled fodder but were pushed out of mainstream cultivation shifts dietary habits staple during the green revolution. Nevertheless, small millets rich micronutrients essential amino acids regulatory activities. Hence, international national organizations have recently aimed restore these lost their desirable traits. The major goal reviving is boost immune system upcoming generations tackle emerging pandemics disease infestations crops. Earlier periods civilization consumed crops, which had a greater significance ethnobotanical values. Along nutrition, possess therapeutic traits shown vast medicinal use tribal communities treatment diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal issues. This review highlights values cultural heritage, prospects. Furthermore, this dissects developing sustainable near future.

Language: Английский

---

Origin and evolution of the bread wheat D genome

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 633(8031), P. 848 - 855

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally dominant crop and major source of calories proteins for the human diet. Compared with its wild ancestors, modern bread shows lower genetic diversity, caused by polyploidisation, domestication breeding bottlenecks

Language: Английский

---