Skeletal muscle atrophy: From mechanisms to treatments

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 105807 - 105807

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

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Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 11 - 22

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Abstract Skeletal muscle‐related symptoms are common in both acute coronavirus disease (Covid)‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 (PASC). In this narrative review, we discuss cellular molecular pathways that affected consider these regard to skeletal muscle involvement other conditions, such as respiratory distress syndrome, critical illness myopathy, post‐viral fatigue syndrome. Patients with severe PASC suffer from weakness exercise intolerance. Histological sections present fibre atrophy, metabolic alterations, immune cell infiltration. Contributing factors patients include systemic inflammation, disuse, hypoxaemia, malnutrition. These also contribute post‐intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome ICU‐acquired likely explain a substantial part Covid‐19‐acquired weakness. The intolerance associated more obscure. Direct (SARS‐CoV)‐2 viral infiltration into or an aberrant system contribute. Similarities between alterations chronic deserve further study. Both SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific generic consequences underlie the observed PASC.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(15), P. 8179 - 8179

Published: July 30, 2021

The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is critical for muscle health. Mitochondria, indeed, play vital roles in a wide range cellular processes, including energy supply, Ca2+ homeostasis, retrograde signaling, cell death, and many others. All mitochondria-containing cells, skeletal dispose several pathways to maintain health, biogenesis, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, dynamics (fusion fission process shaping morphology), mitophagy-the charge the removal mitochondria though autophagy. loss mass (atrophy) major health problem worldwide, especially older people. Currently, there no treatment counteract progressive decline strength that occurs with aging, termed sarcopenia. There increasing data, our own, suggesting accumulation dysfunctional contributes development Impairments mitophagy were recently proposed contribute This review summarizes current state knowledge on role played by We also highlight recent studies showing enhancing promising therapeutic target prevent or even treat dysfunction elderly.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic changes in aging humans: current evidence and therapeutic strategies

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 132(16)

Published: Aug. 14, 2022

Aging and metabolism are inextricably linked, many age-related changes in body composition, including increased central adiposity sarcopenia, have underpinnings fundamental aging processes. These further exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle can be part prevented maintenance of activity with aging. Here we explore the seen individual metabolic tissues - adipose, muscle, liver as well globally older adults. We also discuss available evidence for therapeutic interventions such caloric restriction, resistance training, senolytic senomorphic drugs to maintain healthy aging, focusing on data from human studies.

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiology and mechanisms of primary sarcopenia (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(2)

Published: June 25, 2021

Aging causes skeletal muscle atrophy, and myofiber loss can be a critical component of this process. In 1989, Rosenberg emphasized the importance mass that occurs with aging coined term 'sarcopenia'. Since then, sarcopenia has attracted considerable attention due to population in developed countries. The presence is closely related staggering, falls even frailty elderly, which turn leads need for nursing care. Sarcopenia often associated poor prognosis elderly. Therefore, it crucial investigate pathogenesis sarcopenia, develop introduce interventional strategies line these pathogenesis. primary physical frailty. association between locomotive syndrome complex; however, muscle‑specific concept relatively easy approach research. lack exercise, malnutrition hormonal changes lead neuromuscular junction insufficiency, impaired capillary blood flow, reduced repair regeneration capacity decrease number satellite cells, infiltration inflammatory cells oxidative stress, resulting protein degradation exceeding synthesis. addition, mitochondrial dysfunction metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, may quantitative qualitative abnormalities muscle, sarcopenia. present review article focuses on age‑related outlines its mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial dysfunction: roles in skeletal muscle atrophy

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 26, 2023

Abstract Mitochondria play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and skeletal muscle health, damage to mitochondria can lead a series of pathophysiological changes. Mitochondrial dysfunction atrophy, its molecular mechanism leading atrophy is complex. Understanding the pathogenesis mitochondrial useful for prevention treatment finding drugs methods target modulate function are urgent tasks atrophy. In this review, we first discussed normal muscle. Importantly, described effect on mechanisms involved. Furthermore, regulatory different signaling pathways (AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α, IGF-1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR, FoxOs, JAK-STAT3, TGF-β-Smad2/3 NF-κB pathways, etc.) factors were investigated dysfunction. Next, analyzed manifestations caused by diseases. Finally, summarized preventive therapeutic effects targeted regulation including drug therapy, exercise diet, gene stem cell therapy physical therapy. This review great significance holistic understanding role muscle, which helpful researchers further has an inspiring development strategies targeting future.

Language: Английский

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Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract Muscle wasting is a consequence of physiological changes or pathology characterized by increased catabolic activity that leads to progressive loss skeletal muscle mass and strength. Numerous diseases, including cancer, organ failure, infection, aging-associated are associated with wasting. Cancer cachexia multifactorial syndrome mass, without the fat resulting in functional impairment reduced quality life. It caused upregulation systemic inflammation stimuli, leading inhibition protein synthesis enhancement catabolism. Here, we summarize complex molecular networks regulate function. Moreover, describe multi-organ roles cancer cachexia. Although one main causes cancer-related deaths, there still no approved drugs for Thus, compiled recent ongoing pre-clinical clinical trials further discussed potential therapeutic approaches

Language: Английский

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Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in disease and nondisease states in humans: mechanisms, prevention, and recovery strategies

AJP Cell Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 322(6), P. C1068 - C1084

Published: April 27, 2022

Decreased skeletal muscle contractile activity (disuse) or unloading leads to mass loss, also known as atrophy. The balance between protein synthesis (MPS) and breakdown (MPB) is the primary determinant of mass. A reduced mechanical load on one main external factors leading However, endocrine inflammatory can act synergistically in catabolic states, amplifying atrophy process accelerating its progression. In addition, older individuals display aging-induced anabolic resistance, which predispose this population more pronounced effects when exposed periods physical unloading. Different cellular mechanisms contribute regulation during This review summarizes disuse molecular involved absence presence disease. Finally, a discussion current literature describing efficient strategies prevent improve recovery from presented.

Language: Английский

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Inflammaging: Implications in Sarcopenia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 15039 - 15039

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

In a world in which life expectancy is increasing, understanding and promoting healthy aging becomes contemporary demand. the elderly, sterile, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation known as “inflammaging” linked with many age-associated diseases. Considering sarcopenia loss of strength mass skeletal muscle related to aging, correlations between these two terms have been proposed. Better knowledge immune system players would help elucidate their implications sarcopenia. Characterizing activators damage sensors downstream effectors explains inference performance. Sarcopenia has also diseases such diabetes, metabolic syndrome obesity. Implications inflammatory signals from negatively affect muscle. Autophagic mechanisms are closely inflammasome, autophagy eliminates stress signaling sent by organelles, but acts an immunomodulatory function affecting cells cytokine release. The use melatonin, antioxidant, ROS scavenger modulator, or senotherapeutic compounds targeting senescent could represent strategies counteract inflammation. This review aims present factors regulating inflammaging major order understand molecular involved

Language: Английский

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The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(3), P. 1693 - 1787

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, function and exercise capacity encompass a broad spectrum, from inactive individuals with low levels endurance strength elite athletes who produce prodigious performances underpinned by pleiotropic training-induced muscular adaptations. Our current understanding signal integration, interpretation, output coordination cellular molecular mechanisms that govern plasticity across this continuum is incomplete. As such, training methods their application largely rely on “trial-and-error” approach, experience practices successful coaches often providing bases for “post hoc” scientific enquiry research. This review provides synopsis morphological functional changes along underlying adaptation endurance- resistance-based training. These traits are placed in context innate genetic interindividual differences performance, special consideration given aging athletes. Collectively, we provide comprehensive overview response different modes how such adaptations translate “molecules medals.”

Language: Английский

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