Urban Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 102296 - 102296
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
Language: Английский
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 819 - 860
Published: Jan. 25, 2022
Urban environments lie at the confluence of social, cultural, and economic activities have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that generally replaces natural landscapes with built-up structures. The vast majority studies on urban perturbation local weather climate been centered heat island (UHI) effect, referring higher temperature in cities compared their surroundings. Besides UHI effect waves, urbanization also impacts atmospheric moisture, wind, boundary layer structure, cloud formation, dispersion air pollutants, precipitation, storms. In this review article, we first introduce datasets methods used studying areas through both observation modeling then summarize scientific insights impact various aspects regional extreme based more than 500 studies. We highlight major research gaps challenges our understanding provide perspective recommendations for future priorities directions.城市环境位于社会、文化和经济活动的结合点,城市下垫面具有独特的生物物理特征。在城市化过程中持续的基础设施建设导致自然景观被建筑物替代。在过去很长时间,绝大部分城市影响天气气候的研究和城市热岛效应(城市及上空温度高于周边地区)有关。除了城市热岛效应,城市化也影响大气湿度、风、边界层结构、云的形成、污染物扩散、降水和暴雨。在这篇综述文章中,我们阅览了超过五百篇文献,从观测和模拟两个方面,首先介绍了用于城市化及影响研究的数据资料和方法,总结了城市化影响区域气候和极端天气的各个领域的科学要点。我们也例举了在理解城市化影响方面目前存在的主要问题和挑战,提出了相应的未来研究重点和方向。.
Language: Английский
Citations
213
Environmental Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. e189 - e189
Published: Jan. 19, 2022
British Columbia, Canada, was impacted by a record-setting heat dome in early summer 2021. Most households greater Vancouver do not have air conditioning, and there 440% increase community deaths during the event. Readily available data were analyzed to inform modifications public health response subsequent events 2021 guide further research.
Language: Английский
Citations
110
Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1)
Published: Sept. 29, 2022
Abstract Warming trends in cities are influenced both by large-scale climate processes and local-scale urbanization. However, little is known about how surface warming of global differ from those characterized weather observations the rural background. Here, through statistical analyses satellite land temperatures (2002 to 2021), we find that mean trend 0.50 ± 0.20 K·decade −1 (mean one S.D.) urban core 2000-plus city clusters worldwide, 29% greater than for On average, background change largest contributor explaining 0.30 0.11 warming. In China India, however, more 0.23 attributed expansion. We also evidence greening European cities, which offsets 0.13 0.034
Language: Английский
Citations
107
The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 820, P. 153395 - 153395
Published: Jan. 23, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
98
AGU Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(5)
Published: Sept. 20, 2022
Abstract Surface temperature is often used to examine heat exposure in multi‐city studies and for informing urban mitigation efforts due scarcity of air measurements. Cities also have lower relative humidity, traditionally not accounted large‐scale observational risk assessments. Here, using crowdsourced measurements from over 40,000 weather stations ≈600 clusters Europe, we show the moderating effect this urbanization‐induced humidity reduction on outdoor stress during 2019 heatwave. We demonstrate that daytime differences index between their surroundings are weak, associations urban‐rural difference with background climate, generally examined surface perspective, diminished moisture feedbacks. spatial variability temperature, within these clusters—relevant detecting hotspots potential disparities exposure—and find a poor proxy intra‐urban distribution daytime. Finally, vegetation shows much weaker (∼1/6th as strong) than which has broad implications optimizing strategies. These findings valid operational metrics shaded conditions (apparent humidex), thermodynamic proxies (wet‐bulb temperature), empirical indices. Based evidence, lack better alternatives, may be suitable accurately strategies across cities, necessitating more urban‐scale observations urban‐resolving models.
Language: Английский
Citations
91
Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 103870 - 103870
Published: March 31, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
88
Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1171 - 1284
Published: June 22, 2023
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to content, full PDF via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Language: Английский
Citations
73
Energy Research & Social Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 103104 - 103104
Published: May 11, 2023
Fossil fuels — coal, oil, and gas lie at the heart of interconnected crises we face, including climate change, racial injustice, public health. Each stage fossil fuel life cycle extraction, processing, transport, combustion generates toxic air water pollution, as well greenhouse (GHGs) emissions that drive global crisis. Addressing harmful effects energy decisions, unequal risk distribution across various governance levels, supply chains, political jurisdictions, is a complex task for policymakers society. A deeper understanding how harms are embodied within cycles needed. This paper provides narrative review recent studies United States (U.S.) document both health disproportionate impacts along cycle. In U.S. hazards from risks associated with fall disproportionately on Black, Brown, Indigenous, poor communities. "Sacrifice zones" systemic racism deeply intertwined fossil-fuel based economy. We argue subsidizes industry by enabling it to externalize costs pollution environmental degradation onto communities color. position "fossil racism" subset this framing useful because shifts analytical focus systems structures which actively protecting promoting continued production fuels. discuss implications body research policy, outline poorly designed "carbon-centric" policies—which narrowly GHGs reduction—could fail alleviate racialized disparities or potentially worsen some emphasize need move beyond carbon-centric approaches solutions more integrative policy design can improve health, tackle crisis, rectify our legacy racism. Specifically call managed phase out enactment wider programs social, economic, democratic reforms via Green New Deal. Adequately addressing crisis require disrupt power actions their state allies.
Language: Английский
Citations
72
Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 104933 - 104933
Published: Sept. 12, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
59
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: Nov. 17, 2023
Abstract As the climate warms, increasing heat-related health risks are expected, and can be exacerbated by urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHIs also offer protection against cold weather, but a clear quantification of their impacts on human across diverse cities seasons is still being explored. Here we provide 500 m resolution assessment mortality associated with for 85 European in 2015-2017. Acute found during extremes, 45% median increase risk UHI, compared to 7% decrease extremes. However, protracted result greater integrated protective effects. On average, UHI-induced heat-/cold-related economic €192/€ − 314 per adult inhabitant year Europe, comparable air pollution transit costs. These findings urge strategies aimed at designing healthier consider seasonality UHI impacts, account social costs, controlling factors, intra-urban variability.
Language: Английский
Citations
58