Forest tree community ecology and plant–soil feedback: Theory and evidence

Ecological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 257 - 272

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that reciprocal interactions between plants and the soil microbiota can be a primary force generates key macroscopic patterns of plant communities (coexistence, dominance, succession) in forest ecosystems. The aim this article is to review empirical theoretical perspectives plant–soil feedback research context community ecology. I first use simple model get insights into an array dynamics generated by feedback: negative maintains species diversity reduces growth, while positive drives growth certain hence their dominance. then describe how ecologists have unveiled enormously complex plant‐microbiota interaction (i.e., conditioning experiment) linkage with three patterns: (i) (ii) spatial structure (iii) succession. highlight one belowground trait (mycorrhizal type) mediate these linkages: arbuscular mycorrhizal tend exhibit ectomycorrhizal feedback. Although potentially explains tree from local global scales, many questions remain. Future studies should expand theory incorporate numerous other mechanisms test types net effects could propagate shape large‐scale structures dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Mycorrhizae in mine wasteland reclamation

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(13), P. e33141 - e33141

Published: June 17, 2024

Mycorrhizae are found on about 70-80 % of the roots all plant species; ectomycorrhizae (ECM) mostly woody plants and gymnosperms, whereas arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) 80-90 species. In abandoned mining sites, dominate, while non-woody species remain scarce. However, this pattern depends specific mine site its ecological context. This review article explores potential using mycorrhizae-plant associations to enhance facilitate remediation wastelands metal-polluted sites. review, we employed reputable databases collect articles relevant information mycorrhizae their role in growth soil fertility spanning from 1990s up 2024. Our that abilities selected for minewasteland reclamation can be harnessed effectively if utilization is known considered. findings indicate AMF facilitates cohabitation by influencing richness, feedback effects, shared mycelial networks, plant-AMF specificity. Several types have been isolated wastelands, including

Language: Английский

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Terrestrial plastisphere as unique niches for fungal communities

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

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Different tools for different trades: contrasts in specialized metabolite chemodiversity and phylogenetic dispersion in fruit, leaves, and roots of the neotropical shrubs Psychotria and Palicourea (Rubiaceae)

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2025

Abstract Plants produce an astonishingly diverse array of specialized metabolites. A crucial step in understanding the origin such chemodiversity is describing how manifests across spatial and ontogenetic scales relevant to plant–biotic interactions. Focusing on 21 sympatric species Psychotria Palicourea sensu lato (Rubiaceae), we describe patterns metabolite diversity using a combination field collections, untargeted metabolomics, ecoinformatics. We compare α, β, γ metabolites expanding leaves, unripe pulp, immature seed, ripe mature fine roots. Within species, fruit tissues from stages had ≥α than ≤β leaves. Pooled highest all organs, combined higher incidence organ‐specific mass spectral features Roots ≤α leaves lowest β organs. Phylogenetic correlations chemical distance varied by plant organ class. Our results organs provide support for contributions chemodiversity. This study contributes growing within evolutionary ecology biological diversification. Future studies combining our data with biotic interaction experiments can test existing hypotheses roles ecological interactions evolution

Language: Английский

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Global Patterns of Leaf Litter C:N:P Stoichiometry Under Current and Future Climate Scenarios

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

Abstract Plant litter carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry can indicate ecosystem nutrient use efficiency limitation. Yet, a comprehensive quantification of plant C:N:P ratios at the global scale remains elusive, limiting our understanding how their variation responds to future climate change. We constructed database comprising 11,807 records leaf ratios, quantifying patterns under current (2041–2100) scenarios using random forest method. found that mean C:N, C:P N:P were 46.5, 669.4 16, respectively, while they dependent on mycorrhizal association, taxonomic division, and/or functional type. Leaf C:N showed opposite latitudinal patterns, being larger in high low latitude regions, ratio remained relatively stable regions but increased significantly toward poles. Our simulations further revealed increasing warming decreased terrestrial plants, despite fact variations largely These findings clearly benefit us understand role regulating cycling C nutrients, responding development with

Language: Английский

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The importance of large-diameter trees to the creation of snag and deadwood biomass

Ecological Processes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 1, 2021

Abstract Background Baseline levels of tree mortality can, over time, contribute to high snag densities and deadwood (down woody debris) if fire is infrequent decomposition slow. Deadwood can be important for recruitment, it plays a major role in terrestrial carbon cycling, but rarely examined spatially explicit context. Methods Between 2011 2019, we annually tracked all trees snags ≥1 cm diameter mapped pieces ≥10 m length 25.6 ha Tsuga heterophylla / Pseudotsuga menziesii forest. We analyzed the amount, biomass, spatial distribution deadwood, assessed how various causes that contributed uniquely creation. Results Compared aboveground live biomass 481 Mg −1 (from diameter), was 74 109 boles diameter). Biomass from large-diameter (≥60 cm) accounted 85%, 88%, 58%, trees, snags, respectively. Total dead 668 . The annual production downed wood (≥10 diameter) averaged 4 yr Woody debris heterogeneous, varying more than two orders magnitude 587 at scale 20 × quadrats. Almost creation varied importance between small-diameter trees. standing stems had weak inverse distributions, reflecting long period time required reach large diameters following antecedent mortalities centennial decomposition. Conclusion Old-growth forests contain stores living as well pools are stable after death. Ignoring (or carbon) lead substantial underestimations sequestration stability.

Language: Английский

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Species richness patterns and the determinants of larch forests in China

Plant Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(5), P. 436 - 444

Published: May 19, 2022

Larch forests are important for species diversity, as well soil and water conservation in mountain regions. In this study, we determined large-scale patterns of richness larch identified the factors that drive these patterns. We found forest was high southern China low northern China, along an elevational gradient depend on type. addition, best explained by contemporary climatic factors. Specifically, mean annual temperature potential evapotranspiration were most tree shrub layers, while coldest quarter anomaly precipitation from Last Glacial Maximum to present herb layer whole community. Community structural factors, especially stand density, also associated with forests. Our findings China's is mainly affected energy availability cold conditions support ambient hypothesis freezing tolerance hypothesis.

Language: Английский

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Multifaceted patterns of diversity and co-occurrence along an extensive survey of shrubland communities across China

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 111559 - 111559

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Interpreting biodiversity patterns and the underlying processes is crucial for evaluating mechanisms of community assembly, but view multifaceted diversity spanning broad spatial extents less strengthened. We implemented an inventory 1260 vegetation plots from shrublands across China with standardized methods analyzed taxonomic phylogenetic differential weighting common rare species, as well co-occurrence structures. Taxonomic were linearly correlated when species weighted equally, had a logarithmic correlation their relative abundances. While most shrubland communities phylogenetically unstructured, between covaried relatedness incorporating abundance, only weakly so in over-dispersed communities. When we different weightings versus found important role geographic (e.g., longitude, altitude), climatic (temperature, precipitation) soil factors. The importance variables varied facets diversity. strong altitude taxonomic, Furthermore, several environmental drivers depending on whether metrics strongly influenced by or put more weight and/or dominant species. Overall, our assessment highlights synthetic analyses to capture full complexity conservation studies.

Language: Английский

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Climate and soil properties regulate the initial concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium in plant litter on a global scale

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 1378 - 1390

Published: March 31, 2024

Abstract The initial concentration of litter nutrient not only affects the following decomposition process but also determines quantities nutrients returned to soil. aim this study is assess global patterns and driving factors three macronutrients, namely potassium (K), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), in freshly fallen litter. By synthesizing 5861 data points extracted from 584 publications, we quantitatively evaluated concentrations K, Ca Mg different types, life forms, taxonomic divisions mycorrhizal associations. Also, using machine learning method, predicted their forests, grasslands shrublands. We found that (1) mean ranged 2.63 6.23, 1.05 11.50 0.20 2.74 g/kg, respectively, across types; (2) were significantly affected by plant functional types (e.g. form, division association), climate isothermality, diurnal range, annual evapotranspiration precipitation seasonality) soil properties pH, exchangeable water content), with a higher K herbaceous plants, angiosperms plants associated arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi; (3) leaf lower high‐latitude regions compared those low‐ and/or mid‐latitude regions. Our provides globally comprehensive analysis on important macronutrients litter, contributing better understanding role as well biogeochemical cycles under future change scenario. Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Computer vision models enable mixed linear modeling to predict arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization using fungal morphology

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 13, 2024

The presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in vascular land plant roots is one the most ancient symbioses supporting nitrogen and phosphorus exchange for photosynthetically derived carbon. Here we provide a multi-scale modeling approach to predict AMF colonization worldwide crop from Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population Sorghum bicolor S. propinquum. high-throughput phenotyping methods fungal structures here rely on Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) computer vision pixel-wise structure segmentations mixed linear models explore relations colonization, root niche, allocation. Models proposed capture over 95% variation as function niche relative abundance each plant. Arbuscule allocation significant predictor among sibling plants. Arbuscules extraradical hyphae implicated nutrient highest top section. Our work demonstrates that deep learning can be used by community roots. Mixed provides framework testing hypotheses about phenotypes allocations.

Language: Английский

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