JMIRx Med, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4, P. e34598 - e34598
Published: Feb. 13, 2023
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have been attributed to the occurrence of secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary COVID-19 epidemic waves threatening vaccine efforts owing their immune invasiveness. Since importation in South Africa, with first reported case on March 5, 2020, Africa has observed 5 consecutive waves. The evolution played a major role resurgence across globe.
Language: Английский
Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 94(4), P. 1284 - 1288
Published: Dec. 20, 2021
Betacoronavirus is responsible for three outbreaks in 21st century causing worldwide epidemics and pandemics. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains the major global concern affecting millions most countries. As of December 13, 2021, 269,468,311 cases disease (COVID-19) have been confirmed >200 countries including 5304,248 deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory infections or other complications (https://covid19.who.int/).1 With advances vaccine development, scientific community has developed a portfolio efficient vaccines control strategies to combat pandemic. Nonetheless, uncertainties remain about emergence new variants that may higher infectivity, transmissibility, virulence compared its ancestral strains variants. RNA viruses are known high rates genetic variation adapt changing environmental conditions. The low genome stability, short replication time, mutation viral led deleterious fitness effects drive towards evolution material variability enabling virus develop resistance escape host immunity.2 an virus, SARS-CoV-2 continued spread evolve into with each variant possibly having different properties severity, response therapy ability evade natural vaccine-mediated immunity.3 These challenges highlight urgent need stop SARS-CoV-2. Currently, world witnessing multiple spike protein mutations. Despite massive vaccination campaign globally, continuous evolution, adaptation human transmission capability leads increasing frequency worldwide. identification novel chapter Delta currently dominant circulating strain worldwide.4 Omicron (B 1.1.529) recently identified joins list four Variants Concern (VOC). South Africa first reported B 1.1.529 World Health Organization (WHO) on November 24, 2021.5 From November, COVID shown sharp increase almost all provinces, coinciding detection this variant. WHO categorized (Omicron) as VOCs 26, following advice Technical Advisory Group Virus Evolution.6 closely monitoring due concerning mutations also being linked number provinces recent weeks. Further, >60 Botswana, Hong Kong, Australia, United Kingdom, Canada, India, European Union.7, 8 Europe's case was Belgium 2021.9 sequences available GISAID EpiCoV.8 phylogenic relationship based sequence alignment revealed might be related Alpha variant.10 At time writing, more than 30 >15 receptor-binding domain (RBD), which immunodominant region entry cells (Figure 1 Table 1). Several small deletions one insertion were from so far: A67V, Δ69-70, T95I, G142D/Δ143-145, Δ211/L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F. include E: T9I; M: D3G, Q19E, A63T; N: R203K, G204R.11 once available. D614G commonly VOCs. N501Y located RBD common except Some Δ144, P681H (Table Of note, such associated increased binding affinity tightness ACE2 receptor thereby chance infection immune evasion infectivity risk hospitalization.12-15 D3L R203K G204R S235F T1001I A1708D I2230T Δ3675/3677 Q27* R52I K68* Y73C S84L T265I K1655N K3353R Q57H S171L P80R S1188L K1795Q P314L E1264D E92K D63G R203M D377Y T3255I T3646A G662S P1000L V82A T120I Δ119/120 Δ69/70, G142D Δ143/145, Δ211, L212I ins214 EPE, L981F D3G Q19E A63T K856R S2083I Δ2084/2084 A2710T P3395H Δ3674/3676 I3758V I1566V P13L G214C T1246I P2287S F2387V L3201P G3278S T1055A T1538I Q3729R P1342S Δ256/257 T11K P38S S67F Still effectiveness still unknown making it unclear, whether transmissible highly Delta, given these detected far. No unusual symptoms far persons infected some individuals asymptomatic.16 However, there concerns over variant's transmissibility majorly cluster contribute enhanced emergence. soon declared VOC high, governments healthcare experts considering best possible strategy contain spread. several imposed travel-related restrictions enforced quarantine arrivals affected at-risk Previous experience proved introduced can rapidly time. Hence, crucial steps effective surveillance system, early detection, rapid screening, isolation persons. Surveillance studies help assessing rates, epidemic aid reducing implementing better measures diagnostic methods treatments. significant public reduce through wearing masks, washing hands frequently, social distancing, avoiding crowded spaces, staying proper ventilated places, getting vaccinated.6, 17 There knowledge gap, against frequent raises question long-term protection induced vaccines. approved target SARS-CoV-2, hence very likely offer level severity necessary urgently investigate effect potential antibodies development.18 regimen COVID-19 debate waning vaccine-induced Real-world data Israel UK support booster doses BNT162b2 mRNA counteracts immunity severe illness.19-21 surge infections, few already started their third dose but duration after shots needs evaluated. CDC Director, Rochelle Walensky emphasized importance recommended who 18 years older.22 preemptive approach Vaccination prevent infection. Accelerating coverage especially high-risk priority areas where could arising unequal access course, emerging resulting In future, evolving vaccine-resistant completely market. solution slow progression ultimately end pandemic breaking chains human-to-human transmission. equitable turn lowers deployment second-generation newly lineages induce cross-reactive spread.23 For now, monitor intensive mechanism. An epidemiological genomic system allows timely quickly possible. Further assessment characteristics facilitate appropriate countermeasures development specific ease impact consequence globally. portion population most-vulnerable unvaccinated verge presenting greater further addressing inequality gaps between key, before another virulent emerges. long continues any corner world, would appear, normalcy lives nation's economy unrealistic. International cooperation sharing governments, manufacturers vital ensure equity around globe fight authors like thank National Vaccine Institute, Thailand Baiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd., financial support. author (Narach Khorattanakulchai) Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University doctoral fellowship. Balamurugan Shanmugaraj Waranyoo Phoolcharoen conceived study. Shanmugaraj, Ashwini Malla, Narach Khorattanakulchai participated literature search. drafted manuscript. All revised manuscript final submission. co-founder/shareholder Ltd. Thailand. declare no conflict interests.
Language: Английский
Citations
31
Biology of Sport, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 1073 - 1080
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Dergaa I, Musa S, Romdhani M, et al. FIFA World Cup 2022: What can we learn from the inspiring Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games held in COVID-19 times?. Biology of Sport. 2022;39(4):1073-1080. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.113293. APA Dergaa, I., Musa, S., Romdhani, M., Souissi, A., Abdulmalik, M. & Chamari, K. (2022). Sport, 39(4), 1073-1080. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.113293 Chicago Ismail, Sarah Mohamed Amine Mariam A Karim and Helmi Ben Saad. 2022. "FIFA times?". Sport 39 (4): Harvard K., Saad, H. pp.1073-1080. MLA Ismail times?." vol. 39, no. 4, 2022, pp. Vancouver Souissi A, Abdulmalik Chamari K
Language: Английский
Citations
22
Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(10), P. 4628 - 4643
Published: June 16, 2022
The global pandemic of COVID-19 began in December 2019 and is still continuing. past 2 years have seen the emergence several variants that were more vicious than each other. Omicron (B.1.1.529) proved to be a huge epidemiological concern as rate infection this particular strain was enormous. identified South Africa on November 24, 2021 classified "Variant Concern" 26, 2021. variant possessed mutations key RBD region, S thereby increasing affinity ACE2 for better transmission virus. Antibody resistance found it able reduce vaccine efficiency vaccines. need booster brought forth due prevalence and, subsequently, led targeted research development variant-specific vaccines dosage. This review discusses broadly genomic characters features along with its specific mutations, evolution, antibody resistance, evasion, utilization CRISPR-Cas12a assay detection, T-cell immunity elicited by against Omicron, strategies decrease also XE recombinant infectivity BA.2 subvariant Omicron.
Language: Английский
Citations
22
Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 10828 - 10865
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
<abstract><p>In this paper we study different vaccination strategies that could have been implemented for the early COVID-19 pandemic. We use a demographic epidemiological mathematical model based on differential equations in order to investigate efficacy of variety under limited vaccine supply. number deaths as metric measure each these strategies. Finding optimal strategy programs is complex problem due large variables affect outcomes. The constructed takes into account risk factors such age, comorbidity status and social contacts population. perform simulations assess performance more than three million which vary depending priority group. This focuses scenario corresponding period USA, but can be extended other countries. results show importance designing an save human lives. extremely amount factors, high dimensionality nonlinearities. found low/moderate transmission rates prioritizes groups, rates, groups with CFRs. provide valuable information design programs. Moreover, help scientific guidelines future pandemics.</p></abstract>
Language: Английский
Citations
12
JMIRx Med, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4, P. e34598 - e34598
Published: Feb. 13, 2023
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have been attributed to the occurrence of secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary COVID-19 epidemic waves threatening vaccine efforts owing their immune invasiveness. Since importation in South Africa, with first reported case on March 5, 2020, Africa has observed 5 consecutive waves. The evolution played a major role resurgence across globe.
Language: Английский
Citations
11