Impact of Obesity on Vaccination to SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 20, 2022

To combat the immense toll on global public health induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new vaccines were developed. While these have protected populations who received them from SARS-CoV-2 infection, effectiveness and durability of in individuals with obesity are not fully understood. Our uncertainty ability novel to induce protective immunity humans stems historical data that revealed obesity-associated immune defects influenza vaccines. This review analyzes efficacy obesity. According vaccine safety information for Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & formulations, showed a similar both without However, clinical trials assess BMI central antibody titers lower when compared healthy weight subjects, highlighting potential early waning vaccine-induced antibodies linked rates. Thus, desired effects vaccination potentially diminished population, but further studies outlining functional implications link between need be conducted understand full impact this phenomenon. Further, additional research must completed truly responses mounted against patients obesity, whether differ those elicited previously studied viruses.

Language: Английский

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A potential association between obesity and reduced effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced neutralizing humoral immunity

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Due to the adverse effects of obesity on host immunity, this study investigated effectiveness COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2, ChAdOx-nCov-2019, and mRNA-1273) in inducing anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) neutralizing antibodies among individuals with various classes (class I, II, III, super obesity). Sera from vaccinated obese (n = 73) normal BMI controls 46) were subjected S-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum-neutralization test (SNT) determine prevalence titer antibodies. Nucleocapsid-ELISA was also utilized distinguish between immunity acquired via vaccination only versus plus recovery infection. Data linked participant demographics including age, gender, past diagnosis, profile. ELISA demonstrated high seroprevalence rates (>97%) control groups whether samples evidence infection included or excluded. Interestingly, however, SNT a slightly significant reduction both rate (60/73; 82.19%) compared (45/46; 97.83%). The observed vaccine-induced humoral occurs independently infection, period last vaccination. Our data suggest that are highly effective protective immunity. This effectiveness, is potentially reduced which highlight importance booster doses improve their Further investigations larger sample size remain necessary comprehensively conclude about effect vaccine induction.

Language: Английский

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Rationing, Responsibility, and Vaccination during COVID-19: A Conceptual Map

The American Journal of Bioethics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 66 - 79

Published: April 27, 2023

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, shortages of scarce healthcare resources consistently presented significant moral and practical challenges. While importance vaccines as a key pharmaceutical intervention to stem pandemic scarcity was widely publicized, sizable proportion population chose not vaccinate. In response, some have defended use vaccination status criterion for allocation medical resources. this paper, we critically interpret burgeoning literature, describe framework thinking about vaccine-sensitive resource using values responsibility, reciprocity, justice. Although our aim here is defend single view allocation, believe that attending with diversity arguments in favor (and against) vaccine-sensitivity reveals number questions approach should answer future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Antibody prevalence after three or more COVID-19 vaccine doses in individuals who are immunosuppressed in the UK: a cross-sectional study from MELODY

The Lancet Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. e461 - e473

Published: July 24, 2023

BackgroundIn the UK, additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and treatments are offered to people who immunosuppressed protect against severe COVID-19, but how best choose individuals that receive these is unclear. We investigated association between seropositivity SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with demographic, disease, treatment-related characteristics after at least three vaccines in cohorts of immunosuppressed.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study using UK national disease registries, we identified, contacted, recruited recipients solid organ transplants, participants rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases, lymphoid malignancies were 18 years or older, resident had received vaccine. The was open recruitment from Dec 7, 2021, June 26, 2022. Participants lateral flow immunoassay test for antibodies complete home, an online questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression used estimate mutually adjusted odds each characteristic.FindingsBetween Feb 14 2022, screened 101 972 (98 725 invited, 3247 self-enrolled) 28 411 (27·9%) study. 23 036 (81·1%) provided serological data. Of these, 9927 (43·1%) 6516 (28·3%) 6593 (28·6%) malignancies. 10 485 (45·5%) men 12 535 (54·4%) women (gender not reported 16 [<0·1%] participants), 21661 (94·0%) White ethnicity. median age transplants 60 (SD 50–67), diseases 65 (54–73), malignancy 69 (61–75). data, 6583 doses, 234 (61·8%) four 2219 (9·6%) five more doses. IgG anti-spike undetectable 2310 (23·3%) patients 922 (14·1%) 1366 (20·7%) In all groups, associated younger age, higher number (ie, vs three), previous COVID-19. Immunosuppressive medication reduced likelihood seropositivity: lowest found receiving combination anti-proliferative agent, calcineurin inhibitor, steroids, those treated anti-CD20 therapies.InterpretationApproximately one have no detectable despite this proportion decreases sequential Choice immunosuppressant type strongly response. Antibody testing tests could enable rapid identification most likely benefit interventions.FundingUK Research Innovation, Kidney Blood Cancer Vasculitis Cystic Fibrosis Trust.

Language: Английский

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Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and risk of COVID-19 in Navarre, Spain, May to July 2022

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(33)

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

In Navarre, Spain, in May 2022, the seroprevalence of anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) antibodies SARS-CoV-2 was 58.9% 92.7%, respectively. The incidence confirmed COVID-19 thereafter through July lower people with anti-N (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05-0.13) but not anti-S (aOR 1.06; CI: 0.47-2.38). Hybrid immunity, including induced by natural exposure to SARS-CoV-2, seems essential preventing Omicron cases.

Language: Английский

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Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75(Supplement_2), P. S254 - S263

Published: June 10, 2022

Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently combined ("hybrid immunity"), result in partial protection from subsequent strong disease. Proportions of the US population who have been infected, vaccinated, or hybrid immunity remain unclear, posing a challenge for assessing effective pandemic mitigation strategies.In this serial cross-sectional study, nationwide blood donor specimens collected during January-December 2021 were tested anti-spike anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, COVID-19 vaccination history ≥1 dose was collected. Monthly seroprevalence induced SARS-CoV-2 infection, both, estimated. Estimates weighted to account demographic differences general compared temporally by factors.Overall, 1 123 855 samples assayed. From January December 2021, percentage donations with seropositivity changed as follows: due without previous increase 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.4%-3.7%) 64.0%, (63.5%-64.5%); decrease 15.6% (15.2%-16.0%) 11.7% (11.4%-12.0%); immunity, 0.7% (0.6%-0.7%) 18.9% (18.5%-19.3%). Combined both increased 19.8% (19.3%-20.2%) 94.5% (93.5%-94.0%). Infection- vaccination-induced antibody responses varied significantly age, race-ethnicity, region, but not sex.Our results indicate substantial increases humoral 2021. These findings are important consider future studies long-term efforts.

Language: Английский

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Challenges in the Detection of SARS-CoV-2: Evolution of the Lateral Flow Immunoassay as a Valuable Tool for Viral Diagnosis

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 728 - 728

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic origin that caused the coronavirus in late 2019 and triggered a pandemic has severely affected human health millions deaths. Early massive diagnosis infected patients key to preventing spread virus controlling outbreak. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) are simplest biosensors. These devices clinical diagnostic tools can detect various analytes, including viruses antibodies, with high sensitivity specificity. This review summarizes advantages, limitations, evolution LFIA during challenges improving these devices.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Mortality in Vaccinated vs. Unvaccinated Liver & Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center United States Propensity Score Matching Study on Historical Data

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1921 - 1921

Published: Nov. 13, 2022

Introduction: Existing studies report variable impact of vaccination on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. This study aimed to perform a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis COVID-19 survival vaccinated unvaccinated SOT patients who contracted the disease at single US academic center. Methods: All consecutive positive cases adult liver, kidney or combined liver-kidney recipients were identified demographics, comorbidities, immunosuppression, treatment hospitalization status, early recorded. PSM was performed age sex for completed status time infection, followed by multivariable curve plotting. Results: 144 diagnosed with COVID-19, 98 unvaccinated. reduced number 101. Matched data 60-day post-kidney significantly increase odds (OR 1.22, p < 0.001 OR 40.93, 0.001, respectively). Kaplan−Meier showed inferior post-infection group [(30 days; vs. 97.8% 89.1%, respectively; = 0.089) (60 83.6%, 0.019)]. Conclusions: demonstrated group, supporting

Language: Английский

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Determinants of humoral and cellular immune responses to three doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study

The Lancet Healthy Longevity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. e188 - e199

Published: May 1, 2023

BackgroundOlder age is associated with poorer outcomes to COVID-19 infection. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health established a longitudinal cohort adults aged 65–80 years study the effects pandemic. Here we describe characteristics in general, and specifically immune responses at baseline after primary booster vaccination subset blood samples, epidemiological factors affecting these responses.Methods4551 participants were recruited, humoral (n=299) cellular (n=90) measured before two three vaccine doses. Information on general health, infections, vaccinations obtained from questionnaires national health registries.FindingsHalf had chronic condition. 849 (18·7%) 4551 prefrail 184 (4%) frail. 483 (10·6%) activity limitations (scored Global Activity Limitation Index). After dose two, 295 (98·7%) 299 seropositive for anti-receptor binding domain IgG, 210 (100%) three. Spike-specific CD4 CD8 T cell showed high heterogeneity responded alpha (B.1.1.7), delta (B.1.617.2), omicron (B.1.1.529 or BA.1) variants concern. Cellular seasonal coronaviruses increased SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Heterologous prime boosting mRNA vaccines was highest antibody (p=0·019) (p=0·003), hypertension lower levels doses (p=0·04).InterpretationMost older adults, including those comorbidities, generated good serological Responses further improved doses, particularly heterologous boosting. Vaccination also cross-reactive cells against concern coronaviruses. Frailty not impaired responses, but might indicate reduced responsiveness even Individual differences identified through sampling enables better prediction variability which can help guide future policy need subsequent their timing.FundingNorwegian Health, Ministry Research Council Norway, Coalition Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses between ChAd-BNT heterologous vaccination and BNT-BNT homologous vaccination following the third BNT dose: A prospective cohort study

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 2, 2023

Introduction The differential immune responses after two additional BNT162b2 (BNT) booster doses between ChAdOx1 nCoV-10 (ChAd)-primed and BNT-primed groups have not been elucidated. aim of this study was to compare vaccine-induced humoral cellular evaluate breakthrough infection the vaccination strategies. Methods In 221 healthy subjects (111 in ChAd group), longitudinal were monitored at 3, 4, 6 months 2nd dose 1, 3rd dose. Humoral immunity measured by fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassays (Elecsys Abbott) a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). Cellular assessed interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assays (QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 Covi-FERON). Results After BNT vaccination, total antibody levels higher group, but IgG sVNT results group. Following binding titers significantly elevated both (ChAD-BNT; 15.4 17.8-fold, BNT-BNT; 22.2 24.6-fold), neutralizing capacity increased 1.3-fold cohorts. ChAd-BNT group had lower omicron positivity than BNT-BNT (P = 0.001) spike antigen also showed 1.7 3.0-fold increases dose, which gradually declined equivalent before vaccination. cohort tended IFN-γ level for 3-6 doses. frequency (44.8%) (28.1%) 0.0219). Breakthrough induced groups, increase response significant Discussion Our ChAd-BNT-BNT heterologous BNT-BNT-BNT homologous occurrence low ChAd-primed may be associated with an incidence infections. Further studies are needed on benefits enhanced

Language: Английский

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