Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 15, 2023

Much research focuses on increasing carbon storage in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), which may persist for centuries to millennia. However, MAOM-targeted management is insufficient because the formation pathways of persistent soil are diverse and vary with environmental conditions. Effective must also consider particulate (POM). In many soils, there potential enlarging POM pools, can over long time scales, be a direct precursor MAOM. We present framework context-dependent strategies that recognizes soils as complex systems conditions constrain MAOM formation.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen increases soil organic carbon accrual and alters its functionality

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1971 - 1983

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Abstract Nitrogen (N) availability has been considered as a critical factor for the cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects N enrichment on SOC pool appear highly variable. Given complex nature pool, recent frameworks suggest that separating this into different functional components, example, particulate (POC) mineral‐associated (MAOC), is great importance understanding predicting dynamics. Importantly, little known about how these N‐induced changes in components (e.g., ratios among fractions) would affect functionality given differences nutrient density, resistance to disturbance, turnover time between POC MAOC pool. Here, we conducted global meta‐analysis 803 paired observations from 98 published studies assess effect addition fractions. We found addition, average, significantly increased pools by 16.4% 3.7%, respectively. In contrast, both were remarkably decreased (4.1% 10.1%, respectively). Increases positively correlated with aboveground plant biomass hydrolytic enzymes. However, positive responses increases microbial biomass. Our results although reactive deposition could facilitate C sequestration some extent, it might decrease time, disturbance study provides mechanistic insights its at scale, which pivotal dynamics especially future scenarios more frequent severe perturbations.

Language: Английский

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No detectable upper limit of mineral‐associated organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(16), P. 4662 - 4669

Published: June 4, 2023

Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a promising climate change mitigation option. In this context, the formation of relatively long‐lived mineral‐associated (MAOC) key. To date, soils are considered to be limited in their ability accumulate MAOC, mainly by amount clay and silt particles present. Using comprehensive German Agricultural Inventory, we selected 189 samples with wide range SOC (5–118 g kg −1 ) contents (30–770 test whether there detectable upper limit MAOC content. We found that proportion was surprisingly stable for under cropland grassland use across whole bulk contents. texture influenced slope relationship between but no observed any class. Also, C content fine fraction (g fraction) negatively correlated soil). Both findings challenge notion accumulation soil per se.

Language: Английский

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Large-scale ecosystem carbon stocks and their driving factors across Loess Plateau

Carbon Neutrality, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract The large-scale vegetation restoration project on the Loess Plateau increased ecosystem carbon (C) stocks and affected C budget in arid semi-arid ecosystems. specific details affecting stocks, their distribution, dependence land use climate were never presented generalized. We assessed effects of factors soil properties through field investigation across Plateau. total four ecosystems: forestlands [0.36], shrublands [0.24], grasslands [1.18], farmlands [1.05] was 2.84 Pg (1 = 10 15 g), among which 30% stored topsoil (0–20 cm), 53% above-ground biomass, 17% roots. density decreased according to from southeast (warm dry) northwest (cold moist) with increasing temperature (from 5 °C), but precipitation 200 700 mm). Variation partitioning analysis structural equation models indicated that more explained by compared properties. This supports theory empirical findings large scale pattern is predominantly regulated Our results highlight are predestined store other ecosystems, roots substantial should be considered when assessing strongly contributes organic matter formation. suggest investing can an effective strategy for meeting part reduction goals mitigate change, necessary validating parameterizing worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Restoring particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon through regenerative agriculture

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(21)

Published: May 15, 2023

Sustainability of agricultural production and mitigation global warming rely on the regeneration soil organic carbon (SOC), in particulate (POC) mineral-associated (MAOC) forms. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis effects regenerative management practices SOC, POC, MAOC cropland, finding: 1) no-till (NT) cropping system intensification increase SOC (11.3% 12.4%, respectively), (8.5% 7.1%, POC (19.7% 33.3%, respectively) topsoil (0 to 20 cm), but not subsoil (>20 cm); 2) experimental duration, tillage frequency, type, rotation diversity moderate management; 3) NT synergized with integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems greatly (38.1%) ICL (33.1 53.6%). This analysis shows that agriculture is key strategy reduce C deficit inherent promote both health long-term stabilization.

Language: Английский

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Necromass-derived soil organic carbon and its drivers at the global scale

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 109025 - 109025

Published: April 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Deep Soil Organic Carbon Response to Global Change

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 375 - 401

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Over 70% of soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored at a depth greater than 20 cm belowground. A portion this deep SOC actively cycles on annual to decadal timescales and sensitive global change. However, responses change likely differ from surface because biotic controls cycling become weaker as mineral predominate with depth. Here, we synthesize the current information drivers warming, shifting precipitation, elevated CO 2 , land use cover Most can only be hypothesized few studies measure soils, even fewer experiments manipulate soils. We call scientists incorporate soils into their manipulations, measurements, models so that response accounted for in projections nature-based climate solutions terrestrial feedbacks

Language: Английский

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Distinct, direct and climate‐mediated environmental controls on global particulate and mineral‐associated organic carbon storage

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Abstract Identifying controls on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, and where SOC is most vulnerable to loss, are essential managing soils for both climate change mitigation global food security. However, we currently lack a comprehensive understanding of the drivers especially with regards particulate (POC) mineral‐associated (MAOC). To better understand hierarchical POC MAOC, applied path analyses fractions, (i.e., mean annual temperature [MAT] precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration [MAP‐PET]), (C) input net primary production [NPP]), property data synthesized from 72 published studies, along generated National Ecological Observatory Network pits ( n = 901 total observations). assess utility investigating MAOC separately in storage controls, then compared these results another analysis predicting bulk storage. We found that negatively related MAT pH, while positively NPP MAP‐PET, but % sand. Our revealed similar trends explained less variation C than our analyses. Given pH impose constraints microbial decomposition, this indicates primarily controlled by loss processes. In contrast, strong relationships variables plant productivity constraints, moisture, mineral surface availability sorption indicate climate‐driven variations inputs soil, as well stabilization mechanisms. Altogether, demonstrate separate environmental variables, further justifying need quantify model fractions forecast responses change.

Language: Английский

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Emergent temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon driven by mineral associations

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 205 - 212

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Soil organic matter decomposition and its interactions with climate depend on whether the is associated soil minerals. However, data limitations have hindered global-scale analyses of mineral-associated particulate carbon pools their benchmarking in Earth system models used to estimate cycle–climate feedbacks. Here we analyse observationally derived global estimates quantify relative proportions compute climatological temperature sensitivities as decline increasing temperature. We find that sensitivity average 28% higher than carbon, up 53% cool climates. Moreover, distribution between these underlying drives emergent bulk stocks. vary widely predictions pool distributions. show proportion model are conceptually similar mineral-protected ranges from 16 85% across Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 offline land models, implications for ages ecosystem responsiveness. To improve projections feedbacks, it imperative assess accurately predict vulnerability carbon.

Language: Английский

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Dual role of silt and clay in the formation and accrual of stabilized soil organic carbon

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 109390 - 109390

Published: March 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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