Impact of memory T cells on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in hematopoietic stem cell transplant DOI Creative Commons
Jennifer VanOudenhove, Yuxin Liu, Raman Nelakanti

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0320744 - e0320744

Published: April 28, 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients had elevated mortality rates from SARS-CoV-2 infection, ranging between 10–40%. mRNA vaccines are important tools in preventing severe disease, yet their efficacy post-transplant remains unclear, especially patients subjected to myeloablative chemotherapy and immunosuppression. We evaluated humoral adaptive immune responses vaccination series 42 HSCT 5 healthy controls. Post-vaccination were assessed by anti-spike IgG nucleocapsid levels, antigen specific T activity. Immune profiling was performed using clinical flow mass cytometry. Patients selected based on cellular for single-cell RNA with TCR BCR sequencing. Our studies revealed defects memory cells that correlated an absence of response despite nearly universal response. Several a robust antibody developed but none disease or died infection.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses DOI Creative Commons
Marios Koutsakos, Arnold Reynaldi, Wen Shi Lee

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 879 - 892.e4

Published: March 22, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

81
Enhancing the immunogenicity of lipid-nanoparticle mRNA vaccines by adjuvanting the ionizable lipid and the mRNA DOI
Bowen Li, Allen Yujie Jiang,

Idris Raji

et al.

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

77
Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection DOI Open Access
Mark M. Painter, Timothy S. Johnston, Kendall A. Lundgreen

et al.

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1711 - 1724

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

72
mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections? DOI
Piotr Rzymski, Agnieszka Szuster−Ciesielska, Tomasz Dzieciątkowski

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID‐19 are the first authorized biological preparations developed using this platform. During pandemic, their administration has been proven to be a life‐saving intervention. Here, we review main advantages of mRNA vaccines, identify further technological challenges met during development platform, and provide an update on clinical progress leading vaccine candidates different viruses that include influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah Zika cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus. The prospects manufacturing in low‐income countries also discussed. ongoing interest research technology likely overcome some existing for (e.g., related storage conditions immunogenicity components lipid nanoparticles) enhance portfolio diseases which classical formulations already authorized. It may open novel pathways protection infections consequences no safe efficient immunization methods currently available.

Language: Английский

Citations

52
DNA Vaccines: Their Formulations, Engineering and Delivery DOI Creative Commons
Michael Kozak, Jiafen Hu

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 71 - 71

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

The concept of DNA vaccination was introduced in the early 1990s. Since then, advancements augmentation immunogenicity vaccines have brought this technology to market, especially veterinary medicine, prevent many diseases. Along with successful COVID mRNA vaccines, first vaccine for human use, Indian ZyCovD against SARS-CoV-2, approved 2021. In current review, we give an overview focusing on science, including adjuvants and delivery methods. We then cover some emerging science field notably efforts optimize systems, better engineer apparatuses, identify optimal sites, personalize cancer immunotherapy through vaccination, enhance adjuvant gene adjuvants, off-target heritable immunity epigenetic modification, predict epitopes bioinformatic approaches. also discuss major limitations aim address theoretical concerns.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Lulu Wang, Alexander R. Nicols, Lance Turtle

et al.

BMJ Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. e000468 - e000468

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

The T cell memory response is a crucial component of adaptive immunity responsible for limiting or preventing viral reinfection. after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination broad, and spans multiple proteins epitopes, about 20 in each individual. So far long lasting provides high level cross reactivity hence resistance to escape by variants virus, such as omicron variant. All current vaccine regimens tested produce robust responses, heterologous will probably enhance protective responses through increased breadth. could have major role protecting against severe covid-19 disease rapid clearance early presentation presence reactive cells might this protection. likely provide ongoing protection admission hospital death, development pan-coronovirus future proof new pandemic strains.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Effect of vaccine booster, vaccine type, and hybrid immunity on humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain and Omicron variant sublineages BA.2 and BA.5 among older adults with comorbidities: a cross sectional study DOI Creative Commons
Carol Ho-Yan Fong, Xiaojuan Zhang,

Lin-Lei Chen

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 104446 - 104446

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Waning immunity and IgG4 responses following bivalent mRNA boosting DOI Creative Commons
Ninaad Lasrado, Ai‐ris Y. Collier, Jessica Miller

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(8)

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were highly effective against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain, but efficacy of bivalent mRNA boosters XBB variants was substantially lower. Here, we show limited durability neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and isotype switching to immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) following boosting. Bivalent boosting elicited modest XBB.1-, XBB.1.5-, XBB.1.16-specific NAbs that waned rapidly within 3 months. In contrast, induced more robust sustained WA1/2020 suggesting immune imprinting. Following boosting, serum primarily IgG2 IgG4 with poor Fc functional activity. a third monovalent immunization boosted all isotypes including IgG1 IgG3 These data substantial imprinting for spike important implications future booster designs strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses as a function of multiple COVID-19 boosters DOI Creative Commons
Ricardo da Silva Antunes,

Vicente Fajardo-Rosas,

Esther Dawen Yu

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

SUMMARY The long-term effects of repeated COVID-19 vaccinations on adaptive immunity remain incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive three-year longitudinal study examining T cell and antibody responses in 78 vaccinated individuals without reported symptomatic infections. We observed distinct dynamics Spike-specific humoral cellular immune across multiple vaccine doses. While titers incrementally increased stabilized with each booster, rapidly plateaued, maintaining remarkable stability CD4+ CD8+ subsets. Notably, approximately 30% participants showed reactivity to non-Spike antigens, consistent asymptomatic Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse landscape phenotypes, no evidence exhaustion or significant functional impairment. However, qualitative changes were infection, exhibiting unique immunological characteristics, including frequencies Th17-like cells GZMKhi/IFNR Remarkably, this group associated progressive increase regulatory cells, potentially indicating balanced response that may mitigate immunopathology. By regularly stimulating memory, boosters contribute stable enhanced response, which provide better protection against

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Role of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Vivien Karl, Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme

et al.

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly enhanced our understanding of CD8+ T cell immunity and their role in natural infection vaccine-induced protection. Rapid early SARS-CoV-2-specific responses have been associated with efficient viral clearance mild disease. Virus-specific can compensate for waning, morbidity-related, iatrogenic reduction humoral immunity. After or vaccination, memory cells are formed, which mount an recall response the event breakthrough help to protect from severe Due breadth ability target mainly highly conserved epitopes, also able cross-recognize epitopes variants, thus maintaining even after emergence evolution. In some cases, however, may contribute pathogenesis COVID-19. particular, delayed uncontrolled, e.g., nonspecific hyperactivated, cytotoxic linked poor outcomes. this minireview, we summarize tremendous knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination that gained over past 5 years, while highlighting critical gaps remain.

Language: Английский

Citations

1