American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
110(4), P. 653 - 655
Published: Feb. 20, 2024
Partial
artemisinin
resistance
has
emerged
in
East
Africa,
posing
a
threat
to
malaria
control
across
the
continent.
The
Democratic
Republic
of
Congo
carries
one
heaviest
burdens
globally,
and
South
Kivu
province
directly
borders
current
hot
spots,
but
indications
such
have
not
been
observed
so
far.
We
assessed
molecular
markers
antimalarial
drug
256
Plasmodium
falciparum
isolates
collected
2022
Kivu,
Congo.
One
isolate
carried
P.
Kelch-13
469Y
variant,
marker
associated
with
partial
decreased
lumefantrine
susceptibility
Uganda.
In
addition,
multidrug
resistance-1
mutation
pattern
suggested
increased
tolerance.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
79(6), P. 1418 - 1422
Published: April 7, 2024
Abstract
Objectives
Artemisinin-resistant
Plasmodium
falciparum
malaria
is
currently
spreading
globally,
including
in
Africa.
Artemisinin
resistance
also
leads
to
partner
drugs
used
artemisinin-based
combination
therapies.
Sequencing
of
kelch13,
which
associated
with
artemisinin
resistance,
culture-based
drug
susceptibility
tests,
and
ELISA-based
growth
measurement
are
conventionally
monitor
resistance;
however,
their
application
challenging
resource-limited
settings.
Methods
An
experimental
package
for
field
studies
minimum
human/material
requirements
was
developed.
Results
First,
qPCR-based
SNP
assay
applied
screening,
can
detect
mutations
within
1
h
facilitate
sample
selection
subsequent
processes.
It
had
100%
sensitivity
specificity
compared
DNA
sequencing
the
detection
two
common
Uganda,
C469Y
A675V.
Moreover,
test,
cultured
samples
were
dry-preserved
on
a
96-well
filter
paper
plate
shipped
central
laboratory.
Parasite
measured
by
ELISA
using
redissolved
samples.
well
reproduced
results
direct
ELISA,
reducing
significant
workload
(Pearson
correlation
coefficient:
0.984;
95%
CI:
0.975–0.990).
Conclusions
Large-scale
sustainable
monitoring
required
urgently
track
rapidly
drug-resistant
malaria.
In
malaria-endemic
areas,
where
research
resources
often
limited,
simplicity
feasibility
procedure
especially
important.
Our
approach
combines
rapid
applicable
point-of-care
diagnosis
centralized
analysis
ex
vivo
culture.
The
could
improve
efficiency
experiments
accelerate
global
surveillance.
ABSTRACT
Piperaquine
(PPQ)
is
widely
used
in
combination
with
dihydroartemisinin
as
a
first-line
treatment
against
malaria.
Multiple
genetic
drivers
of
PPQ
resistance
have
been
reported,
including
mutations
the
Plasmodium
falciparum
chloroquine
transporter
(
pfcrt
)
and
increased
copies
plasmepsin
II/III
pm2/3
).
We
generated
cross
between
Cambodia-derived
multidrug-resistant
KEL1/PLA1
lineage
isolate
(KH004)
drug-susceptible
Malawian
parasite
(Mal31).
Mal31
harbors
wild-type
(3D7-like)
allele
single
copy
,
while
KH004
has
chloroquine-resistant
(Dd2-like)
an
additional
G367C
substitution
multiple
.
recovered
104
unique
recombinant
parasites
examined
targeted
set
progeny
representing
all
possible
combinations
variants
at
performed
detailed
analysis
competitive
fitness
range
susceptibility
phenotypes
these
progenies,
survival
assay,
area
under
dose
response
curve,
limited
point
IC
50
find
that
inheritance
required
for
reduced
sensitivity,
whereas
number
variation
further
decreases
but
does
not
confer
absence
A
deep
investigation
genotype-phenotype
relationships
demonstrates
clones
from
experimental
crosses
can
be
to
understand
relative
contributions
background
PPQ-related
traits.
Additionally,
we
phenotype
associated
inheriting
consistent
previously
validated
this
transporter.
IMPORTANCE
Resistance
piperaquine,
dihydroartemisinin,
emerged
Cambodia
threatens
spread
other
malaria-endemic
regions.
Understanding
causal
drug
their
impact
on
critical
surveillance
intervention
also
reveal
new
avenues
limiting
evolution
resistance.
An
powerful
tool
pinpointing
determinants
key
distinct
advantage
quantifying
effects
naturally
evolved
variation.
Our
study
was
strengthened
since
full
inherited
among
clones,
allowing
us
directly
test
role
resistance-related
context
allele.
multigene
model
suggests
important
both
loci
lineage.
Malaria Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: March 17, 2023
Malaria,
a
treatable
disease
mainly
caused
by
Plasmodium
falciparum
has
remained
health
challenge
in
Africa,
continent
that
accounted
for
96%
of
total
global
cases
and
deaths
2021.
Uganda,
malaria
endemic
country
is
experiencing
parasite
resistance
to
some
the
drugs
used
artemisinin-based
combination
therapy
(ACT).
In
an
effort
prioritize
herbal
medicines
new
product
development,
this
review
synthesized
available
safety
efficacy
literature
on
Ugandan
anti-malarial
plants
suggest
most
effective
plants.Literature
was
exhaustively
searched
using
engines
databases,
such
as
Google
scholar,
Pubmed,
Scopus-indexed
journals
during
period
June
2020-December
first
phase,
information
ethnobotanical
uses
Uganda
gathered
synthetized
generate
list
plants,
followed
data
(both
vitro
vivo)
each
listed
plant.
Minimum
inhibitory
concentrations
(µg/ml),
%
suppression
every
plant
were
scored
The
Research
Initiative
Traditional
Antimalarial
Methods
(RITAM)
scoring
system.
best
twenty
(20)
evaluated
acute
(LD50)
rat
model,
parts
used,
ease
cultivation,
presence
clinical
studies
other
relevant
factors
suggesting
three
(3)
future
development.Over
one
hundred
twenty-six
(126)
species
are
treatment
local
communities.
Out
these,
about
33%
(41)
have
been
studied
safety,
with
Artemisia
annua
Vernonia
amygdalina
being
extensively
among
Uganda.
Both
limited
recrudescence
studies.
Microglossa
pyrifolia,
very
potent
(IC50
=
0.03
-
0.05
µg/ml
potential
penetrate
liver
could
ameliorate
if
combined
A.
V.
polyherbal
formulation.There
many
promising
annua,
amydalina
M.
pyrifolia
offer
next
ACT
carefully
developed.
