Neural interfaces: Bridging the brain to the world beyond healthcare

Exploration, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(5)

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Neural interfaces, emerging at the intersection of neurotechnology and urban planning, promise to transform how we interact with our surroundings communicate. By recording decoding neural signals, these interfaces facilitate direct connections between brain external devices, enabling seamless information exchange shared experiences. Nevertheless, their development is challenged by complexities in materials science, electrochemistry, algorithmic design. Electrophysiological crosstalk mismatch electrode rigidity tissue flexibility further complicate signal fidelity biocompatibility. Recent closed‐loop brain‐computer while promising for mood regulation cognitive enhancement, are limited accuracy adaptability user interfaces. This perspective outlines challenges discusses progress contrasting non‐invasive invasive approaches, explores dynamics stimulation interfacing. Emphasis placed on applications beyond healthcare, highlighting need implantable high‐resolution capabilities.

Language: Английский

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Theta and gamma rhythmic coding through two spike output modes in the hippocampus during spatial navigation

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(8), P. 112906 - 112906

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Hippocampal CA1 neurons generate single spikes and stereotyped bursts of spikes. However, it is unclear how individual dynamically switch between these output modes whether two spiking outputs relay distinct information. We performed extracellular recordings in spatially navigating rats cellular voltage imaging optogenetics awake mice. found that spike are preferentially linked to network theta rhythms (3-12 Hz) encode an animal's position via phase precession, particularly as animals entering a place field. In contrast, exhibit additional coupling gamma (30-100 Hz), leave Biophysical modeling suggests intracellular properties alone sufficient explain the observed input frequency-dependent coding. Thus, hippocampal regulate generation according frequency-specific dynamics, suggesting perform computations support spatial behavior.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the mechanisms of deep-brain stimulation of the internal capsule in a mouse model

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients suffering from otherwise therapy-resistant psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder. Modulation of cortico-striatal circuits has been suggested as a mechanism action. To gain mechanistic insight, we monitored neuronal activity in regions mouse model compulsive behavior, while systematically varying clinically-relevant parameters internal-capsule DBS. DBS showed dose-dependent effects on both brain and behavior: An increasing, yet balanced, number excited inhibited neurons was recruited, scattered throughout regions, excessive grooming decreased. Such recruitment did not alter basic function such resting-state activity, only occurred awake animals, indicating dependency network activity. In addition to these widespread effects, observed specific involvement the medial orbitofrontal cortex therapeutic outcomes, which corroborated by optogenetic stimulation. Together, our findings provide insight into how exerts its behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Injectable Fluorescent Neural Interfaces for Cell-Specific Stimulating and Imaging

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 12, 2024

Building on current explorations in chronic optical neural interfaces, it is essential to address the risk of photothermal damage traditional optogenetics. By focusing calcium fluorescence for imaging rather than stimulation, injectable fluorescent interfaces significantly minimize and improve accuracy neuronal imaging. Key advancements including use microelectronics targeted electrical stimulation their integration with cell-specific genetically encoded indicators have been discussed. These electronics that allow post-treatment retrieval offer a minimally invasive solution, enhancing both usability reliability. Furthermore, bioelectronics enables precise recording individual neurons. This shift not only minimizes risks such as conversion but also boosts safety, specificity, effectiveness Embracing these represents significant leap forward biomedical engineering neuroscience, paving way advanced brain–machine interfaces.

Language: Английский

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Kilohertz electrical stimulation evokes robust cellular responses like conventional frequencies but distinct population dynamics

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Intracranial electrical kilohertz stimulation has recently been shown to achieve similar therapeutic benefit as conventional frequencies around 140 Hz. However, it is unknown how influences neural activity in the mammalian brain. Using cellular calcium imaging awake mice, we demonstrate that intracranial at 1 kHz evokes robust responses many individual neurons, comparable those induced by 40 and Hz both hippocampus sensorimotor cortex. The evoked single-cell level are shaped prominent network inhibition critically depend on brain region. At level, all lead pronounced population suppression except cortex, which balanced excitatory inhibitory effects. Thus, robustly modulates single-neuron levels through mechanisms distinct from frequency stimulation, highlighting clinical potential of neuromodulation. Mechanistic study using reveals neuronal compared neuromodulation frequencies.

Language: Английский

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Lateral hypothalamic area high-frequency deep brain stimulation rescues memory decline in aged rat: behavioral, molecular, and electrophysiological study

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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High-Performance Bidirectional Microelectrode Array for Assessing Sevoflurane Anesthesia Effects and In Situ Electrical Stimulation in Deep Brain Regions

ACS Sensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 2877 - 2887

Published: May 23, 2024

Precise assessment of wakefulness states during sevoflurane anesthesia and timely arousal are paramount importance to refine the control anesthesia. To tackle this issue, a bidirectional implantable microelectrode array (MEA) is designed with capability detect electrophysiological signal perform in situ deep brain stimulation (DBS) within dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) mice. The MEA, modified platinum nanoparticles/IrOx nanocomposites, exhibits exceptional characteristics, featuring low impedance, minimal phase delay, substantial charge storage capacity, high double-layer capacitance, longer vivo lifetime, thereby enhancing sensitivity spike firing detection electrical (ES) effectiveness. Using sevoflurane-inhibited neurons sevoflurane-excited neurons, together changes oscillation characteristics local field potential DMH, revealed as indicative markers states. During period, varying-frequency ESs applied eliciting distinct effects. Through stimulation, disparity between these outcomes can be attributed influence DBS on different neurons. These advancements may further our understanding neural circuits their applications clinical contexts.

Language: Английский

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Neuronal Network Activation Induced by Forniceal Deep Brain Stimulation in Mice

Genes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 210 - 210

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Background: The fimbria-fornix is a nerve fiber bundle that connects various structures of the limbic system in brain and plays key role cognition. It has become major target deep stimulation (DBS) to treat memory impairment both dementia patients animal models neurological diseases. Previously, we have reported beneficial effects chronic forniceal DBS mouse intellectual disability disorders. In Rett syndrome CDKL5 deficiency disorder models, strengthens hippocampal synaptic plasticity, reduces dentate inhibitory transmission or increases adult neurogenesis aids memory. However, underlying neuronal circuitry mechanisms remain unknown. This study explored neural network circuits involved treatment. Methods: We used acute DBS-induced expression c-Fos, an activity-dependent marker, map functionally connected fornix. also evaluated behavior locomotion, anxiety, fear after Results: Acute induces robust activation multiple system. extends beyond formation includes not directly innervated by Conclusions: activates associated with emotion revealed here help elucidate effect pave way for further research on mechanism which benefits cognitive impairments.

Language: Английский

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Invasive Brain Mapping Identifies Personalized Therapeutic Neuromodulation Targets for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 17, 2025

Abstract Deep brain stimulation has been used to treat severe, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with variable outcomes across multiple anatomical targets. To overcome these limitations, we developed an invasive mapping paradigm in which electrodes were implanted the OCD cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit a single individual. We then performed extensive during multi-day inpatient stay identify personalized therapeutic targets and characterize their downstream effects. found two within right ventral capsule (VC) that acutely reduced symptoms. Prolonged VC suppressed high frequency activity structurally functionally connected orbitofrontal cortex, encoded severity of These sites for DBS combined led rapid response. This case provides first proof-of-concept can be guide novel personalized, multi-site neuromodulation approach OCD.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of DBS: from informational lesions to circuit modulation and implications in OCD

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: May 8, 2025

In 2009, treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was approved as an indication for deep brain stimulation (DBS) under a Humanitarian Device Exemption (HDE). This review examines the mechanisms by which DBS produces its effects, focusing on interaction with pathophysiology of OCD, condition thought to involve overactive cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits. We first initial theories excitation and inhibition. then transition discussion “informational lesion” hypothesis, suggests that may prevent transmission normative neural activity through stimulated region. Specifically, high-frequency disrupt pathological network patterns masking or antidromically blocking synaptic inputs. Another hypothesis disrupts driving action potentials antidromically, activates upstream inhibitory interneurons imposes rhythmic local regions based parameters. Recent animal studies support these disruption activity, showing can neurons from responding intrinsic oscillations, thereby relieve OCD symptoms. also discusses variable effects DBS, noting immediate improvements in mood anxiety, more gradual reduction These differential findings suggest produce both neuromodulation well long-term remodeling. summary, this synthesizes current mechanistic understanding highlights areas discrepancy between opportunities future research. A deeper could lead optimized effective treatment, improving outcomes patients treatment-refractory other psychiatric conditions.

Language: Английский

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