Have Diagnostics, Therapies, and Vaccines Made the Difference in the Pandemic Evolution of COVID-19 in Comparison with “Spanish Flu”? DOI Creative Commons
Florigio Lista, Mario Stefano Peragallo, Roberto Biselli

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 868 - 868

Published: June 23, 2023

In 1918 many countries, but not Spain, were fighting World War I. Spanish press could report about the diffusion and severity of a new infection without censorship for first-time, so that this pandemic is commonly defined as “Spanish flu”, even though Spain was its place origin. flu” one deadliest pandemics in history has been frequently compared with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. These share similarities, being both caused by highly variable transmissible respiratory RNA viruses, diversity, represented diagnostics, therapies, especially vaccines, which made rapidly available COVID-19, flu”. Most comparison studies have carried out first period when these resources either yet or their use had long started. Conversely, we wanted to analyze role advanced anti-viral agents, including monoclonal antibodies, innovative COVID-19 may containment. Early diagnosis, anti-COVID-19 vaccines markedly reduced mortality, thus preventing collapse public health services. However, influence on reduction infections re-infections, transition from endemic condition, appears be minor relevance. The high viral variability influenza probably contained development universal are easy obtained. only effective weapon still remains prevention, achieved promiscuity between animal reservoirs zoonotic diseases humans.

Language: Английский

Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution DOI Creative Commons
Yunlong Cao, Fanchong Jian, Jing Wang

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Abstract Continuous evolution of Omicron has led to a rapid and simultaneous emergence numerous variants that display growth advantages over BA.5 (ref. 1 ). Despite their divergent evolutionary courses, mutations on receptor-binding domain (RBD) converge several hotspots. The driving force destination such sudden convergent its effect humoral immunity remain unclear. Here we demonstrate these can cause evasion neutralizing antibody drugs convalescent plasma, including those from breakthrough infection, while maintaining sufficient ACE2-binding capability. BQ.1.1.10 (BQ.1.1 + Y144del), BA.4.6.3, XBB CH.1.1 are the most antibody-evasive strains tested. To delineate origin evolution, determined escape mutation profiles neutralization activity monoclonal antibodies isolated individuals who had BA.2 infections 2,3 . Owing immune imprinting, especially infection reduced diversity binding sites increased proportions non-neutralizing clones, which, in turn, focused pressure promoted RBD. Moreover, show RBD could be accurately inferred by deep mutational scanning 4,5 , trends BA.2.75 subvariants well foreseen through constructed pseudovirus mutants. These results suggest current herd vaccine boosters may not efficiently prevent variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

565
Repeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting DOI Creative Commons
Ayijiang Yisimayi,

Weiliang Song,

Jing Wang

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 625(7993), P. 148 - 156

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Abstract The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the need to update COVID-19 vaccine compositions. However, immune imprinting induced by vaccination based on ancestral (hereafter referred as WT) strain would compromise antibody response Omicron-based boosters 1–5 . Vaccination strategies counter are critically needed. Here we investigated degree and dynamics in mouse models human cohorts, especially focusing role repeated Omicron stimulation. In mice, efficacy single boosting is heavily limited when using that antigenically distinct from WT—such XBB variant—and this concerning situation could be mitigated a second booster. Similarly, humans, infections alleviate WT vaccination-induced generate broad neutralization responses both plasma nasal mucosa. Notably, deep mutational scanning-based epitope characterization 781 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-targeting monoclonal antibodies isolated infection revealed double exposure induce large proportion matured Omicron-specific have RBD epitopes WT-induced antibodies. Consequently, was largely mitigated, bias towards non-neutralizing observed exposures restored. On basis scanning profiles, identified evolution hotspots XBB.1.5 demonstrated these mutations further boost immune-evasion capability while maintaining high ACE2-binding affinity. Our findings suggest component should abandoned updating vaccines, individuals without prior receive two updated boosters.

Language: Английский

Citations

149
Immunological imprinting: Understanding COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Marios Koutsakos, Ali H. Ellebedy

Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 909 - 913

Published: April 19, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Persistent immune imprinting occurs after vaccination with the COVID-19 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster in humans DOI Creative Commons
M. Alejandra Tortorici, Amin Addetia,

Albert J. Seo

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(4), P. 904 - 911.e4

Published: March 14, 2024

Immune imprinting describes how the first exposure to a virus shapes immunological outcomes of subsequent exposures antigenically related strains. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron breakthrough infections and bivalent COVID-19 vaccination primarily recall cross-reactive memory B cells induced by prior Wuhan-Hu-1 spike mRNA rather than priming Omicron-specific naive cells. These findings indicate that immune occurs after repeated exposures, but whether it can be overcome remains unclear. To understand persistence imprinting, we investigated plasma antibody responses administration updated XBB.1.5 vaccine booster. We showed booster elicited neutralizing against current variants were dominated pre-existing previously spike. Therefore, persists multiple spikes through infection, including post vaccination, which will need considered guide future vaccination.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Immune imprinting and next-generation coronavirus vaccines DOI
Chloe Qingzhou Huang, Sneha Vishwanath, George Carnell

et al.

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 1971 - 1985

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Immunological memory diversity in the human upper airway DOI
Sydney I. Ramirez, Farhoud Faraji,

L. Benjamin Hills

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8025), P. 630 - 636

Published: July 31, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

26
SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant evasion of IGHV3-53/3-66 B cell germlines DOI Open Access
Ida Paciello, Giuseppe Maccari, Giulio Pierleoni

et al.

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(98)

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant JN.1 recently emerged as the dominant despite having only one amino acid change on spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) compared with ancestral BA.2.86, which never represented more than 5% of global variants. To define at molecular level ability to spread globally, we interrogated a panel 899 neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies. Our data show that single leucine-455-to-serine mutation in RBD unleashed JN.1, likely occurring by elimination 70% antibodies mediated IGHV3-53/3-66 germlines. However, resilience class 3 low neutralization potency but strong Fc functions may explain absence disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Durable reprogramming of neutralizing antibody responses following Omicron breakthrough infection DOI Creative Commons
Wen Shi Lee, Hyon‐Xhi Tan, Arnold Reynaldi

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(29)

Published: July 21, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common with the circulation highly immune evasive and transmissible Omicron variants. Here, we report dynamics durability recalled spike-specific humoral immunity following BA.1 or BA.2 infection, longitudinal sampling up to 8 months after infection. Both infections robustly boosted neutralization activity against infecting strain while expanding breadth BA.4, although was substantially reduced for more recent XBB BQ.1.1 strains. Cross-reactive memory B cells both ancestral spike were predominantly expanded by limited recruitment de novo Omicron-specific antibodies. Modeling titers predicts that protection from symptomatic reinfection antigenically similar strains will be durable but undermined new emerging further escape.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives late remodeling of the memory B cell repertoire in vaccinated individuals DOI Creative Commons
Aurélien Sokal, Giovanna Barba–Spaeth, Lise Hunault

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(9), P. 2137 - 2151.e7

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Booster with Ad26.COV2.S or Omicron-adapted vaccine enhanced immunity and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in macaques DOI Creative Commons
Laura Solforosi,

L M M Costes,

Jeroen Tolboom

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 7, 2023

Omicron spike (S) encoding vaccines as boosters, are a potential strategy to improve COVID-19 vaccine efficacy against Omicron. Here, macaques (mostly females) previously immunized with Ad26.COV2.S, boosted Ad26.COV2.S.529 (encoding BA.1 S) or 1:1 combination of both vaccines. All booster vaccinations elicit rapid antibody titers increase WA1/2020 and S. BA.2 responses most effectively by including Ad26.COV2.S.529. Independent used, mostly WA1/2020-reactive WA1/2020-Omicron cross-reactive B cells detected. containing boosters provide only slightly higher protection the lower respiratory tract challenge compared Ad26.COV2.S-only booster. Antibodies cellular immune identified complementary correlates protection. Overall, an Omicron-spike based moderately improved original Wuhan-Hu-1-spike vaccine, which still robust

Language: Английский

Citations

18