Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause severe global disruption, resulting in significant excess mortality, overwhelming healthcare systems, and imposing substantial social economic burdens on nations. While most of the attention therapeutic efforts have concentrated acute phase disease, a notable proportion survivors experience persistent symptoms post-infection clearance. This diverse set symptoms, loosely categorized as long COVID, presents potential additional public health crisis. It is estimated that 1 5 exhibit clinical manifestations consistent with COVID. Despite this prevalence, mechanisms pathophysiology COVID remain poorly understood. Alarmingly, evidence suggests cases within condition develop debilitating or disabling symptoms. Hence, urgent priority should be given further studies equip systems for its management. review provides an overview available information emerging condition, focusing affected individuals’ epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, immunological inflammatory profiles.

Language: Английский

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In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 103 - 118

Published: Dec. 26, 2023

Abstract Members of the coronaviridae family are endemic to human populations and have caused several epidemics pandemics in recent history. In this review, we will discuss feasibility progress toward ultimate goal creating a pan-coronavirus vaccine that can protect against infection disease by all members coronavirus family. We detail unmet clinical need associated with continued transmission SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV four seasonal coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, NL63, HKU1 229E) humans potential for future zoonotic coronaviruses. highlight how first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines natural history studies greatly increased our understanding effective antiviral immunity informed next-generation design. then consider ideal properties propose blueprint type may offer cross-protection. Finally, describe subset diverse technologies novel approaches being pursued developing broadly or universally protective

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis

JACC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(8), P. 101107 - 101107

Published: July 17, 2024

The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasing globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, despite significant efforts to reduce traditional risk factors. Premature subclinical atherosclerosis has been documented association with several viral infections. magnitude the recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted need understand between SARS-CoV-2 atherosclerosis. This review examines various pathophysiological mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, inflammatory immune hyperactivation triggered by infection, specific attention on their roles initiating promoting progression lesions. Additionally, it addresses pathogenic mechanisms which post-acute phase may contribute development vascular disease. Understanding overlap these syndromes enable novel therapeutic strategies. We further explore for guidelines closer follow-up often-overlooked evidence among patients COVID-19, particularly those cardiometabolic

Language: Английский

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Long COVID: a new word for naming fibromyalgia?

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 83(1), P. 12 - 14

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Long COVID is the name given to a syndrome comprising wide variety of symptoms persisting more than 3 months after acute benign COVID-19, with prevalence ranging from 10 80%. Symptoms are very close fibromyalgia. Several studies showed that long was much higher first wave pandemics and associated fact thinking having had rather really COVID. Thus, it stress lockdown not consequences infection probably induced this high frequency Numbers tried find objective biological abnormalities for explaining but none them could be replicated convincing. The concept seems repetition history medicine, in which doctors society gave different names fibromyalgia trying highlight somatic disease well understood pathophysiology avoid focus on psychosomatic aspects disease. In conclusion, “to soothe” as said by Roland Barthes. However, “Naming things wrongly adds world's unhappiness” saying Albert Camus. term COVID, suggests viral persistence impaired immune response virus, unappropriated should replaced fibromyalgia-like post-COVID syndrome. Research mechanisms involved these post-viral syndromes must encouraged.

Language: Английский

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Identification of inflammatory clusters in long-COVID through analysis of plasma biomarker levels

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 30, 2024

Mechanisms underlying long COVID remain poorly understood. Patterns of immunological responses in individuals with may provide insight into clinical phenotypes. Here we aimed to identify these patterns and study the inflammatory processes ongoing COVID. We applied an unsupervised hierarchical clustering approach analyze plasma levels 42 biomarkers measured Logistic regression models were used explore associations between biomarker clusters, variables, symptom In 101 individuals, identified three clusters: a limited immune activation cluster, innate systemic cluster. Membership clusters did not correlate individual symptoms or phenotypes, but was associated variables including age, BMI, vaccination status. Differences serologic also observed. Our results indicate that are their profiles can responses.

Language: Английский

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Blood Biomarkers of Long COVID: A Systematic Review

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(5), P. 537 - 574

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Trajectories of Inflammatory Markers and Post–COVID-19 Cognitive Symptoms

Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3)

Published: April 16, 2024

Chronic systemic inflammation has been hypothesized to be a mechanistic factor leading post-acute cognitive dysfunction after COVID-19. However, little data exist evaluating longitudinal inflammatory markers.

Language: Английский

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Chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and long COVID

Exploration of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Chronic pain is a common problem in rheumatology. A distinction made between nociceptive and nociplastic pain. Nociceptive is, for example, mechanistically explained by persistent inflammation. Neuropathic caused nerve damage of various possible causes. In contrast, not due to tissue or lesion the somatosensory nervous system—at least with currently available techniques. Nociplastic based on an altered perception through modulation stimulus processing. The concept central sensitization, together other neurobiological psychosocial mechanisms, considered be best explanation such conditions. syndrome fibromyalgia (FM), plays major role rheumatology—both terms differential diagnosis because management inflammatory rheumatic diseases can more difficult simultaneous presence FM. During coronavirus pandemic, syndromes similarities FM were described following COVID-19 infection. There growing scientific controversy as whether so-called long COVID (LCS) separate entity just variant

Language: Английский

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Chronische Schmerzsyndrome bei muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen – wie verschieden sind Fibromyalgie und Long COVID? – Teil 2

Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

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Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Antibodies in Long‐COVID—Markers of Protection or Elevated Risk? A Systematic Review

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Long-COVID affects a significant number of COVID-19 survivors, profoundly impacting daily life and work. Although research suggests potential link between antibody levels long-COVID risk, findings remain inconclusive. Understanding dynamics could support the identification patients at improve diagnosis, guide protective strategies such as vaccination. Despite growing evidence, no systematic review has yet evaluated current literature on this topic. We therefore aimed to synthesise evaluate existing evidence association anti-SARS-CoV-2 titres long-COVID, with goal clarifying their role in predicting guiding patient management, informing future directions. Studies published PubMed/Medline databases January 2020 October 2024 were included without language restrictions. body fluids other than serum/blood excluded. Study selection quality assessment was conducted independently by two researchers. After screening 949 studies, 58 studies encompassing 53,739 individuals, 7812 patients, included. Evidence highly heterogenous but most reported an anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike antibodies although nature appeared be dependent time from acute infection. Low during associated increased risk long-COVID. The low that maintaining sufficiently high may protective. However, level is further sufficient power are required confirm potentially determine cutoffs.

Language: Английский

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