Nanostructured compliant interconnections for advanced Micro-Electronic packaging DOI Creative Commons

Waqas Saeed,

Zhongyu Liu,

Rubin Yan

et al.

Materials & Design, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 244, P. 113166 - 113166

Published: July 14, 2024

The continuous drive for miniaturization and enhanced functionality in micro-electronic devices demands highly integrated circuit (IC) packaging. This trend leads to a dense network of packaging interconnections, facilitated by the reduction traditional solder interconnection sizes. However, these advancements bring about significant challenges, including thermal expansion differences between materials used package presence non-planar substrates. Such issues can lead thermomechanical stresses interconnections warpage, resulting serious reliability issues. In response, nanostructured compliant have emerged as promising solution. These effectively manage variations substrate non-coplanarity, mitigating risks associated with high integration IC review explores latest trends developing modern micro-electronics. focus is on integrating various materials, nanoparticles (via sintering), nanoporous nanowires (NWs) carbon nanotubes (CNTs). aims improve performance mechanical under extreme loading conditions. Advanced bonding techniques their impacts are also discussed. Additionally, study provides insights into future developments guiding researchers toward specific technical areas exploration.

Language: Английский

In-depth understanding and precise modulation of surface reconstruction during heterogeneous electrocatalysis: From model to practical catalyst DOI
Weidong Dai, Kaiwei Wan, Kanglei Pang

et al.

Chem, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 102345 - 102345

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Tip carbon encapsulation customizes cationic enrichment and valence stabilization for low K+ acidic CO2 electroreduction DOI Creative Commons

Zhitong Wang,

Dongyu Liu,

Chenfeng Xia

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract Acidic electrochemical CO 2 conversion is a promising alternative to overcome the low utilization. However, over-reliance on highly concentrated K + inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction also causes (bi)carbonate precipitation interfere with catalytic performance. In this work, under screening and guidance of computational simulations, we present carbon coated tip-like O 3 electrocatalyst for stable efficient acidic synthesize formic acid (HCOOH) concentration. The layer protects oxidized species higher intrinsic activity from reductive corrosion, peripherally formulates tip-induced electric field regulate adverse H attraction desirable enrichment. an electrolyte at pH 0.94, only 0.1 M required achieve Faradaic efficiency (FE) 98.9% 300 mA cm −2 HCOOH long-time stability over100 h. By up-scaling electrode into 25 electrolyzer setup, total current 7 A recorded sustain durable production 291.6 mmol L −1 h .

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Tailoring Activation Intermediates of CO2 Initiates C–N Coupling for Highly Selective Urea Electrosynthesis DOI
Chao Zhao, Jin Yu, Jing Yuan

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

Electrocatalyzed reduction of CO2 and NO3- to synthesize urea is a highly desirable, but challenging reaction. The bottleneck this reaction the C-N coupling intermediates. In particular, uncertainty multielectron intermediates severely affects selectivity activity processes involving multiple electron proton transfers. Here, we present novel tandem catalyst with two compatible single-atom active sites Au Cu on red phosphorus (RP-AuCu) that efficiently converts urea. Experimental theoretical prediction results confirmed center promotes transfer between molecules phosphorus, thereby regulating activation produce electrophilic *COOH. addition, can enhance attack *COOH species *NH2, thus promoting selective formation bonds. Consequently, RP-AuCu exhibited yield 22.9 mmol gcat.-1 h-1 Faraday efficiency 88.5% (-0.6 VRHE), representing one highest levels electrocatalytic synthesis. This work deepens understanding mechanism provides an interesting design approach for efficient sustainable production compounds.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Promoting Water Activation via Molecular Engineering Enables Efficient Asymmetric C–C Coupling during CO2 Electroreduction DOI

Zi‐Yu Du,

Si-Bo Li,

Ge-Hao Liang

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(47), P. 32870 - 32879

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Water activation plays a crucial role in CO

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Lattice Strain Engineering Boosts CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products DOI

Jiapeng Jiao,

Xinchen Kang, Jiahao Yang

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(38)

Published: July 1, 2024

Regulating the binding effect between surface of an electrode material and reaction intermediates is essential in highly efficient CO

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Modulating *CO adsorption configuration over the CuPd/Cu interfaces to improve C-C coupling for enhanced acetate production DOI
Wei Wei,

Zhenyao Li,

Jitao Shang

et al.

Applied Catalysis B Environment and Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 371, P. 125220 - 125220

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction at high current density: Cell configuration matters DOI Creative Commons
Mohd Monis Ayyub, Attila Kormányos, Balázs Endrődi

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 490, P. 151698 - 151698

Published: April 26, 2024

Electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction (COR) is an important link between the electrochemical CO2-to-CO and renewable production of C2+ chemicals. Along with development catalyst materials for selective efficient COR, it imperative to optimize electrolysis conditions cell parameters efficiently reduce CO at industrially relevant current density produce concentrated product streams. This study focuses on understanding fundamental differences in reaction selectivity during when same Cu was used three different configurations, namely, microfluidic, hybrid anode zero-gap, zero-gap electrolysers. In all cases, ethylene, acetate, ethanol, propanol formation confirmed densities (0.5–––1.2 A cm−2) reasonable voltages, albeit subtle differences. The local chemical environment electrode/electrolyte interface very each configuration leading distribution crossover anode. stresses importance architecture implies that comparing catalytic activity a studied configurations can lead inconsistent conclusions.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Electrolyte manipulation on Cu-based electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction DOI

Hexin Zhou,

Wanlong Xi,

Peng Yang

et al.

Journal of Energy Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 201 - 222

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Crystalline‐Amorphous Interface‐Triggered Electron Redistribution on Copper(II) Sulfide@Metal (Ni, Co, and Fe) Oxyhydroxides for Ultra‐Efficient Overall Water/Seawater Splitting DOI

Peng Gu,

Yidong Song,

Yihe Fan

et al.

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Abstract Rearranging the electronic orbitals of metal sites through interface engineering is breakthrough for achieving high efficiencies in hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) on bimetallic catalysts. Here, via a multistep liquid‐phase synthesis strategy, crystalline‐amorphous (c‐a) built by coating amorphous oxyhydroxide layer surface crystallized copper(II) sulfide (CuS@MOOH, M = iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni)) with an internal cavity. For HER, c‐a facilitates electron filling 3d Cu, thereby enhancing coordination between Cu (Cu 2+ /Cu + ) *H reducing energy barrier adsorption. OER, triggers rearrangement sites, prompting transition from t2g to eg achieve half‐filled state, optimizing oxygen‐intermediates adsorption (M 3+ /M 4+ ). Among CuS@MOOH, as‐marked CuS@CoOOH‐6 exhibits best activities ultra‐low overpotentials 62 mV (HER) 136 (OER). Only 1.52 V sufficient power electrolyzer CuS@CoOOH‐6‐based cathode/anode, maintaining ultra‐stable efficiency (96.9 %) over 72 h. Notably, also impressive activity/durability natural seawater electrolysis. This study enhances understanding properties structure water splitting.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Introducing Lewis Base‐Phosphate to Boost Neutral Seawater Splitting in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer DOI

Mei Han,

Haibin Wang,

Jieshu Zhou

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Abstract Electrolysis of seawater using anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) under neutral conditions, is an attractive method for hydrogen production. Unfortunately, competitive anodic chlorine evolution reaction together with sluggish oxygen (OER) kinetics caused by insufficient OH − , significantly limit the system's current density and operational stability. Herein, Lewis base phosphate (PO 4 3− ) used as a proton acceptor to accelerate cleavage OH−H bonds, which facilitates accumulation *OH. NiFeP nanosheets grown on pretreated nickel foam (NiS‐A) are free‐standing electrode. During OER process, pre‐catalyst spontaneously transforms into base‐PO decorated Ni(Fe)OOH. Experimental studies functional theory calculations reveal that Ni(Fe)OOH active phases adsorb H 2 O intermediates synergize protophilic PO favor dissociation molecules (*H O→*OH+H + +e ), ensuring timely supply *OH in media. Meanwhile, also exhibits excellent ability repel chloride ions splitting, achieving ≈98.2% Faradaic efficiency. The optimized NiFeP/NiS‐A delivers low overpotential (280 mV at 10 mA cm −2 long‐term durability (over 400 h 500 ). Integrating seawater‐based AEMWE can achieve industrially required 1.0 A (60 °C) 1.8 V operation stability over 220 h.

Language: Английский

Citations

4