Water
is
an
optimal
flame
retardant
owing
to
high
vaporization
and
specific
heat,
greenness
low-cost.
The
challenge,
however,
lies
in
how
integrate
water
into
the
matrix
materials,
ensure
its
retention.
To
address
we
developed
cross-linked
polystyrene
foams
(cPSs)
that
contain
within
closed
pores.
These
composite
cPSs
achieved
a
retardancy
rating
above
V-0
UL-94
test
when
volume
fraction
ablation
layer
exceeded
33%.
Notably,
representative
composite,
cPSs-M2,
demonstrated
significant
improvements:
peak
heat
release
rate
(PHRR)
total
(THR)
were
reduced
by
55.4
31.1%,
respectively.
Additionally,
time
ignition
(TTI)
performance
index
(FPI)
increased
over
10
25
times,
evaporation
further
significantly
delayed
flame-retardant
coating
salts
incorporation.
estimated
service
life
of
surface-coated
projected
exceed
eight
years.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 249 - 249
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
The
sustainable
flame
retardancy
of
polymeric
materials
is
a
key
focus
for
the
direction
next
generation
in
field
fire
safety.
Bio-derived
retardants
are
gaining
attention
as
environmentally
friendly
additives
due
to
their
low
ecological
impact
and
decreasing
costs.
These
compounds
can
enhance
char
formation
by
swelling
upon
heating,
attributed
functional
groups.
This
review
explores
various
biomolecules
used
retardants,
including
phytic
acid,
chitosan,
lignin,
tannic
bio-derived
phosphorus
nitrogen
compounds,
emphasizing
flame-retardant
properties
compatibility
with
different
polymer
matrices.
primary
on
structural
characteristics,
modifications,
behaviors
these
additives,
particularly
regarding
mechanisms
action
within
materials.
Finally,
opportunities,
current
challenges,
future
directions
practical
application
Materials Horizons,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(18), P. 4462 - 4471
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Flexible
polyurethane
foam
(FPUF)
is
a
ubiquitous
material
utilized
in
furniture
cushions,
mattresses,
and
various
technical
applications.
Despite
the
widespread
use,
FPUF
faces
challenges
maintaining
long-lasting
flame
retardancy
aging
resistance,
particularly
harsh
environments,
while
retaining
mechanical
robustness.
Here,
we
present
novel
approach
to
address
these
issues
by
enhancing
through
multiple
free-radical-trapping
hydrogen-bonding
mechanisms.
A
hindered
amine
phosphorus-containing
polyol
(DTAP)
was
designed
chemically
introduced
into
FPUF.
The
distinctive
synergy
between
structures
enables
formation
of
hydrogen
bonds
with
urethane,
also
effectively
capturing
free
radicals
across
broad
temperature
spectrum.
As
result,
incorporating
only
5.1
wt%
DTAP
led
successfully
passing
vertical
burning
tests
witnessing
notable
enhancements
tensile
strength,
elongation
at
break,
tear
strength.
Even
after
enduring
accelerated
thermal
for
168
hours,
maintained
exceptional
properties.
This
study
offers
insights
enhancement,
simultaneously
achieving
outstanding
retardancy,
toughness,
anti-aging
performance.
