Risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 JN.1 Infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Emergency Department Visits/Hospitalizations Following Updated Boosters and Prior Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(5), P. 1190 - 1196

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract Background Data on protection afforded by updated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines (bivalent/XBB 1.5 monovalent) against the emergent JN.1 variant remain limited. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study among all boosted Singaporeans aged ≥18 years during COVID-19 wave predominantly driven JN.1, from 26 November 2023 to 13 January 2024. Multivariable Cox regression was used assess risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19–associated emergency department (ED) visits/hospitalizations, stratified vaccination status/prior infection; with individuals last ≥1 year as reference category. Vaccination status were classified using national registries. Results A total 3 086 562 adult included in population, accounting for 146 863 476 person-days observation. During outbreak, 28 160 SARS-CoV-2 infections recorded, 2926 hospitalizations 3747 ED visits. Compared earlier ancestral monovalent vaccines, receipt an XBB.1.5 booster 8–120 days associated lower (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI), .52–.66]), visits (0.50 [.34–.73]), (0.58 [.37–.91]), while bivalent 121–365 (0.92 [.88–.95]) (0.80 [.70–.90]). Lower hospitalization outbreak (aHR, 0.57 CI, .33–.97]) still observed following earlier, even when analysis restricted previously infected individuals. Conclusions Recent boosters conferred visits/hospitalizations wave, both uninfected Annual doses confer endemicity.

Language: Английский

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Development of a Recombinant Omicron BA.1 Subunit Vaccine Candidate in Pichia pastoris

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Low‐cost and safe vaccines are needed to fill the vaccine inequity gap for future pandemics. Pichia pastoris is an ideal expression system recombinant protein production due its cost‐effective easy‐to‐scale‐up process. Here, we developed a next‐generation SARS‐CoV2 Omicron BA.1‐based candidate expressed in P. . The receptor binding domain of BA.1 spike (RBD‐Omicron) was produced at 0.35 g/L supernatant. With 60% recovery after two‐step purification, RBD‐Omicron showed 99% purity. After vitro characterisation purified via chromatography, mass spectrometry, calorimetry surface plasmon resonance‐based methods, it injected into mice immunization studies. Three different doses Alum CpG adjuvanted were investigated 10 μg gave highest antigenicity. two vaccination, IgG titers serum reached more than 6 These antibodies also recognized earlier (Delta Plus: B.1.617.2) later (Eris: EG.5, Pirola: BA.2.86) variants. long‐term immunological response measured by analyzing antibody T‐cell splenocytes 60 weeks. Interestingly, Th1 significantly high even year. subvariants dominantly circulating world, so sub‐lineage‐based can be used RBD‐Omicron‐based this study suitable technology transfer transition clinic.

Language: Английский

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A Meta-Analysis on the Immunogenicity of Prototype, Monovalent-adapted and Bivalent vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Wildtype, Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.4/5 in Healthy Adults.

Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 606, P. 110509 - 110509

Published: March 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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Immunogenicity of a bivalent BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine in people with HIV in the Netherlands

AIDS, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(9), P. 1355 - 1365

Published: May 24, 2024

Objective: We evaluated the immunogenicity of a bivalent BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine in people with HIV (PWH). Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Methods: PWH aged ≥45 years received Wuhan-BA.1 mRNA-1273.214 and those <45 BNT162b2. Participants were propensity score-matched 1 : 2 to without (non-PWH) by age, primary platform (mRNA-based or vector-based), number prior boosters SARS-CoV-2 infections, spike (S1)-specific antibodies on day administration. The endpoint was geometric mean ratio (GMR) ancestral S1-specific from 0 28 compared non-PWH. Secondary endpoints included humoral responses, T-cell responses cytokine up 180 days post-vaccination. Results: Forty ( N = 35) BNT162b2 5) following mRNA-based 29) vector-based 11) vaccination. predominantly male (87% vs. 26% non-PWH) median 57 [interquartile range (IQR) 53–59]. Their CD4 + count 775 (IQR 511–965) plasma HIV-RNA load <50 copies/ml 39/40. GMR post-vaccination comparable between [4.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.24–6.19] non-PWH (4.07, CI 3.42–4.83). antibody days, 90 Interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 concentrations increased PWH. Conclusion: A immunogenic well treated PWH, eliciting However, waned faster after

Language: Английский

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Fourth dose bivalent COVID-19 vaccines outperform monovalent boosters in eliciting cross-reactive memory B cells to Omicron subvariants

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 89(4), P. 106246 - 106246

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines comprising ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 (WH1) and the Omicron BA.1 or BA.5 subvariant elicit enhanced serum antibody responses to emerging subvariants. Here, we characterized RBD-specific memory B cell (Bmem) response following a fourth dose with bivalent vaccine, in direct comparison WH1 monovalent dose. Healthcare workers previously immunized mRNA adenoviral vector were sampled before one month after vaccine. Serum neutralizing antibodies (NAb) quantified, as well Bmem an in-depth spectral flow cytometry panel including recombinant RBD proteins of WH1, BA.1, BA.5, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5 variants. Both elicited higher NAb titers against subvariants compared Following either vaccine type, recipients had slightly increased numbers. significantly binding all tested by cytometry, while recognition was not vaccination. IgG1

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Wild Type and Omicron XBB 1.5 in Indonesian Residents after Vaccination and Infection

Published: July 10, 2024

In the post-pandemic era, evaluating long-term immunity against COVID-19 has become increasingly critical, particularly in light of continuous SARS-CoV-2 mutations. This study aimed to assess immunogenicity by analyzing booster shots’ impact and sera infection history collected Makassar, Indonesia. We measured anti-RBD IgG levels neutralization capacity (NC) both wild-type (WT) Wuhan-Hu Omicron XBB 1.5 variants across groups vaccinated individuals with no (NB), single (SB), double (DB). The mean durations since last vaccination were 25.11 months, 19.24 16.9 months for NB, SB, DB group, respectively. Additionally, we evaluated effect breakthrough (BTI) history, a duration confirmed 21.72 months. Our findings indicate fair WT antibody (Ab) titers, group showing significantly higher level than other groups. Similarly, demonstrated anti-Omicron 1.Ab titer, which was insignificantly different from Although anti-WT Ab moderate, observed near-complete (96-97%) pseudo-virus all There slight decrease NC compared among groups; SB NB showed 80.71±3.9%, 74.29±6.7%, 67.2±6.3% activity, Breakdown analysis based on vaccine status that shots increase 1.5. Individuals BTI demonstrate better their counterpart uninfected same number shots. suggest persists is effective mutant variant. Booster enhance especially .

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Omicron XBB.1.5 in Indonesian Residents after Vaccination and Infection

Antibodies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 72 - 72

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

In the post-pandemic era, evaluating long-term immunity against COVID-19 has become increasingly critical, particularly in light of continuous SARS-CoV-2 mutations. This study aimed to assess humoral immune response sera collected Makassar. We measured anti-RBD IgG levels and neutralization capacity (NC) both Wild-Type (WT) Wuhan-Hu Omicron XBB.1.5 variants across groups COVID-19-vaccinated individuals with no booster (NB), single (SB), double (DB). The mean durations since last vaccination were 25.11 months, 19.24 16.9 months for NB, SB, DB group, respectively. Additionally, we evaluated effect breakthrough infection (BTI) history, a duration confirmed 21.72 months. Our findings indicate fair WT antibody (Ab) titers, group showing significantly higher level than other groups. Similarly, demonstrated highest anti-Omicron Ab titer, yet it was insignificantly different from Although anti-WT titers moderate, observed near-complete (96-97%) pseudo-virus all There slight decrease NC compared among groups, as SB NB showed 80.71 ± 3.9%, 74.29 6.7%, 67.2 6.3% activity, A breakdown analysis based on vaccine status that doses increase XBB.1.5, without BTI. Individuals BTI demonstrate better their counterpart uninfected same number doses. suggest persists is effective mutant variant. Booster enhance NC, especially individuals.

Language: Английский

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Long-term COVID-19 vaccine- and Omicron infection-induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Mutations occurring in the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 enables virus to evade COVID-19 vaccine- and infection-induced immunity.

Language: Английский

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Protection efficacy of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccine in non-human primates

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 934 - 946

Published: Dec. 7, 2024

The rapid emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that evade immunity elicited by vaccination has posed a global challenge to the control disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, developing countermeasures broadly protect against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses is essential. Herein, we have developed lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA (mRNA-LNP) encoding full-length Spike (S) glycoprotein (termed RG001), which confers complete protection in non-human primate model. Intramuscular immunization two doses RG001 Rhesus monkey robust neutralizing antibodies cellular response variants, resulting significantly protected SARS-CoV-2-infected animals from lung lesions inhibition viral replication all immunized with low or high RG001. More importantly, third dose effective current epidemic XBB JN.1 strains similar Omicron (BA.1, XBB.1.16, JN.1) were observed mice. All these results together strongly support great potential preventing infection concern (VOCs).

Language: Английский

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