Elemental cryo-imaging reveals SOS1-dependent vacuolar sodium accumulation

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Increasing soil salinity causes significant crop losses globally; therefore, understanding plant responses to salt (sodium) stress is of high importance. Plants avoid sodium toxicity through subcellular compartmentation by intricate processes involving a level elemental interdependence. Current technologies visualize sodium, in particular, together with other elements, are either indirect or lack resolution. Here we used the newly developed cryo nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry microprobe1, which allows high-resolution imaging cryo-preserved samples and reveals distributions key macronutrients micronutrients root meristem cells Arabidopsis rice. We found an unexpected, concentration-dependent change distribution, switching from accumulation cell walls at low external concentrations vacuolar stressful concentrations. conclude that, meristems, function NHX family sodium/proton antiporter SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (also known as Na+/H+ exchanger 7; SOS1/NHX7) sequester into vacuoles, rather than extrusion extracellular space. This corroborated use new genomic, complementing fluorescently tagged SOS1 variants. show addition plasma membrane, strongly accumulates late endosome/prevacuoles well supporting role sequestration. study demonstrates that (CryoNanoSIMS) enables direct multi-elemental resolution macro- trace elements plants may provide insights vivo roles many transporters.

Language: Английский

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Imaging reveals how plants cope with salt

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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An Integrated Method for Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in a Tall Wheatgrass Breeding Program

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 983 - 983

Published: March 22, 2025

Tall wheatgrass, a perennial forage grass renowned for its salt-alkali tolerance, has recently been proposed as key species planting in coastal saline-alkaline lands to establish "Coastal Grass Belt". Highly salt-tolerant and high-yielding varieties are essential achieve this objective. To enhance breeding efficiency, method integrating seed germination, seedling emergence, growth was established evaluate salt tolerance tall wheatgrass. Germination tests revealed that under 250 mM NaCl, 150 Na2SO4, NaHCO3, or 100 Na2CO3, the relative germination rates were 31.5%, 65.4%, 68.2%, 32.6%, respectively, compared non-stress condition. can use NaCl Na2CO3 assess wheatgrass neutral sodic stress, respectively. In addition, saline water with ECw = 6.6 dS m-1 resulted emergence of 52% 59.8%, Seedling hydroponic culture demonstrated exposure 300 total dry weight, shoot root weight 38.2%, 35.7% 50%, Salt-response genes exhibited differential expression long-term short-term stress. Interestingly, levels NHX7.1 NCL1 significantly higher lines salt-sensitive lines. Based on an integrated evaluation growth, five out 28 identified salt-tolerant. Additionally, two Tritipyrum lines, derived from cross Triticum aestivum cv. Xinong 6028 Thinopyrum ponticum line Zhongyan 1, found inherit Collectively, work provided testing program.

Language: Английский

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Current perspectives on improving soybean performance on saline-alkaline lands

New Crops, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100079 - 100079

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Identification and Analysis of Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis Related Genes in Salicornia europaea Under NaCl Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2632 - 2632

Published: March 14, 2025

Salinity is a major environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth and production. Cuticular wax protects plants against external stress. The relationship between cuticular biosynthesis salt tolerance remains unclear in Salicornia europaea. This study examined the cuticle thickness, load, morphology, composition, expression of gene identification expression. results showed 600 mM NaCl treatment enhanced thickness total load; crystal structures were also observed after treatment. was mainly composed fatty acids, alcohols, alkenes, esters. alcohol class accounted for largest proportion, with docosanol (C25H54OSi) being main specific compound, followed by acids alkanes. After sequence database search, six acyl-CoA reductases (FARs), sixteen synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferases (WS/DGATs), three oxidases (FAOs), five eceriferums (CERs), eight mid-chain alkanes (MAHs) identified as putative enzymes. Their analysis revealed differential response to 100 reached highest level at 12 h or 48 h. genes evidently upregulated higher fold changes under salinity, such SeFAR1, SeFAR2, SeFAR3 are implied synthesize primary SeWSs convert alcohols esters; SeCER1 SeCER3 supposed catalyze conversion aldehydes while SeMAH7 secondary S. europaea demonstrated both decarbonylation acyl-reduction pathways may not be independent from each other.

Language: Английский

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Untargeted metabolic profiling of Zygophyllum Coccineum plant near the Red Sea for phytochemical investigation by GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR

Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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Spatial and development responses in the wheat leaf highlight the loss of chloroplast protein homeostasis during salt stress

Journal of Proteomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105438 - 105438

Published: April 1, 2025

Salinity stress in wheat affects physiological and biochemical parameters tissues that alter plant development ultimately lower crop yield. Shoot can accumulate high concentrations of sodium over time through the transpiration stream coming from roots. This imposes responses align salt effects with basipetal developmental gradient monocot leaf. The role metabolic processes generating responding to these increases concentration was explored by linking changes ion distributions those enzyme abundance base tip leaves under stress. We found enzymes for methionine synthesis lipid degradation pathways increase, concomitantly proteins jasmonate synthesis, which are key players stress-induced responses. Combining use Differential Abundance Protein analysis Weighted Correlation Network Analysis we have focused on identifying protein hubs associated or susceptibility, shedding light potential sites sensitivity as targets enhancing tolerance wheat. chloroplast machinery, including 30S 50S ribosomal proteins, plastid localised elongation factors, were significantly reduced correlated altered K+/Na+ ratio along salt-stressed leaves. Additionally, protease system ATP-dependent caseinolytic filamentous temperature-sensitive H proteases involved homeostasis, show decreased salt. complex interplay across leaf overall viability mainly affecting energy homeostasis shoot. Data available via ProteomeXchange identifier PXD059765. SIGNIFICANCE: Soil salinity is a major agricultural challenge cause significant reduction yields, staple vital global food security. Despite extensive breeding efforts, developing salt-tolerant remains challenging due complex, multi-genic nature tolerance. While numerous studies molecular making control comparisons, there little consensus primary points disruptions would determine response Our study addresses this gap integrating proteomics Coexpression (WCNA) examine By exploiting natural base-to-tip progression maturation stress, identify groups linked response. These findings provide new insights wheat's resilience

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Critical Amino Acids in the Transport and Selectivity of the Plant Na+/H+ Exchanger Plasma Membrane SOS1

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3518 - 3518

Published: April 9, 2025

SOS1 is a Na+/H+ antiporter found in the plant membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana and serves as major transporter that extrudes Na+ across plasma cells exchange for intracellular H+. The first 450 amino acids comprise transport domain. Using yeast heterologous expression system, we examined nine different mutations may either change specificity or improve salt tolerance. E261K had minor negative effects on ability to confer tolerance LiCl NaCl. Mutation A399V effects, lowering slightly improving NaCl tolerance, did double mutant E261KA399V. Four acid Y346 varying effects. Y346R mutation resulted improvement but not affect L375I showed impaired whereas Q362L exhibited Our results demonstrate critical ion selectivity its can dramatically Other improvements (Y346F, A399V, Y346A), leaving open possibility such might intact species.

Language: Английский

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Root Remodeling Mechanisms and Salt Tolerance Trade-Offs: The Roles of HKT1, TMAC2, and TIP2;2 in Arabidopsis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Abstract Plant responses to salt stress involve complex processes integrating short- and long-term adaptations, including changes in ion transport, systemic signaling, root architecture, biomass distribution. A key adaptive mechanism involves the regulation of sodium (Na + ) potassium (K transport via Class 1 HKT1 transporters, which reduce Na accumulation shoots, thereby enhancing salinity tolerance but at expense lateral development. In this study, we identified differential roles TMAC2 modulating ABA development under two distinct Arabidopsis genotypes, Col-0 C24. Overexpression background increased accumulation, resulting reduced development, suggesting a positive feedback loop involving HKT1, TMAC2, signaling. contrast, overexpression C24 lines overexpressing indicating genotype-specific differences TMAC2-HKT1 interaction. Additionally, observed that co-expression induced ABI4 ABI5 transcription factors, are known mediate sensitivity. These findings reveal regulatory network where modulate through genotype-dependent mechanisms. Our results highlight complexity remodeling crucial role genetic shaping these responses.

Language: Английский

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Lipid metabolism improves salt tolerance of Salicornia europaea

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Salicornia europaea L., a succulent euhalophyte plant, has been found to exhibit optimal reproductive capabilities under appropriate salinity concentrations. However, the underlying metabolic changes are not yet fully understood.

Language: Английский

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