MedComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(10)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8027), P. 1145 - 1154
Published: June 11, 2024
Spaceflight induces molecular, cellular and physiological shifts in astronauts poses myriad biomedical challenges to the human body, which are becoming increasingly relevant as more humans venture into space
Language: Английский
Citations
36
Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8027), P. 995 - 1008
Published: June 11, 2024
The recent acceleration of commercial, private, and multi-national spaceflight has created an unprecedented level activity in low Earth orbit (LEO), concomitant with the highest-ever number crewed missions entering space preparations for exploration-class (>1 year) missions. Such rapid advancement into from many new companies, countries, space-related entities enabled a"Second Space Age." This era is also poised to leverage, first time, modern tools methods molecular biology precision medicine, thus enabling aerospace medicine crews. applications these biomedical technologies algorithms are diverse, encompassing multi-omic, single-cell, spatial investigate human microbial responses spaceflight. Additionally, they extend development imaging techniques, real-time cognitive assessments, physiological monitoring, personalized risk profiles tailored astronauts. Furthermore, enable advancements pharmacogenomics (PGx), as well identification novel biomarkers corresponding countermeasures. In this review, we highlight some research National Aeronautics Administration (NASA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), European (ESA), other agencies, detail commercial sector's (e.g. SpaceX, Blue Origin, Axiom, Sierra Space) entrance biology, biobank, myriad upcoming that will utilize ensure a permanent presence beyond LEO, venturing out planets moons.
Language: Английский
Citations
22
Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 1661 - 1675
Published: June 11, 2024
Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes. However, documenting microbial shifts has been difficult due to mission constraints that lead limited sampling profiling. Here we executed a six-month longitudinal study quantify the high-resolution human microbiome response three days in orbit for four individuals. Using paired metagenomics metatranscriptomics alongside single-nuclei immune cell profiling, characterized time-dependent, multikingdom changes across 750 samples 10 body sites before, after at eight timepoints. We found most alterations were transient sites; example, viruses increased skin mostly flight. longer-term observed oral microbiome, including plaque-associated bacteria (for Fusobacteriota), which correlated with gene expression. Further, genes associated phage activity, toxin-antitoxin systems stress enriched multiple sites. In total, this reveals in-depth characterization experienced by astronauts short-term living environment, can help guide future missions, spacecraft design space habitat planning.
Language: Английский
Citations
22
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of spaceflight on human body. Biospecimen samples were collected from four crew members longitudinally before (Launch: L-92, L-44, L-3 days), during (Flight Day: FD1, FD2, FD3), and after (Return: R + 1, 45, 82, 194 days) spaceflight, spanning total 289 days across 2021-2022. collection process included venous whole blood, capillary dried blood spot cards, saliva, urine, stool, body swabs, capsule Dragon HEPA filter, skin biopsies. Venous was further processed obtain aliquots serum, plasma, extracellular vesicles particles, peripheral mononuclear cells. In total, 2,911 sample shipped our central lab at Weill Cornell Medicine for downstream assays biobanking. This paper provides an overview extensive biospecimen highlights their processing procedures long-term biobanking techniques, facilitating future molecular tests evaluations.As such, this details robust framework obtaining preserving high-quality human, microbial, environmental aerospace medicine in Space Omics Medical Atlas (SOMA) initiative, which can aid space biology experiments.
Language: Английский
Citations
22
Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8027), P. 1155 - 1164
Published: June 11, 2024
Human spaceflight has historically been managed by government agencies, such as in the NASA Twins Study
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
Abstract As spaceflight becomes more common with commercial crews, blood-based measures of crew health can guide both astronaut biomedicine and countermeasures. By profiling plasma proteins, metabolites, extracellular vesicles/particles (EVPs) from the SpaceX Inspiration4 crew, we generated “spaceflight secretome profiles,” which showed significant differences in coagulation, oxidative stress, brain-enriched proteins. While >93% differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) vesicles metabolites recovered within six months, majority (73%) DAPs were still perturbed post-flight. Moreover, these proteomic alterations correlated better peripheral blood mononuclear cells than whole blood, suggesting that immune contribute erythrocytes. Finally, to discern possible mechanisms leading protein detection blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, examined changes dissected brains mice, increases PECAM-1, a marker BBB integrity. These data highlight how even short-duration disrupt human murine physiology identify biomarkers countermeasure development.
Language: Английский
Citations
20
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
The advent of civilian spaceflight challenges scientists to precisely describe the effects on human physiology, particularly at molecular and cellular level. Newer, nanopore-based sequencing technologies can quantitatively map changes in chemical structure expression single molecule resolution across entire isoforms. We perform long-read, direct RNA nanopore sequencing, as well Ultima high-coverage RNA-sequencing, whole blood sampled longitudinally from four SpaceX Inspiration4 astronauts seven timepoints, spanning pre-flight, day return, post-flight recovery. report key genetic pathways, including erythrocyte regulation, stress induction, immune affected by spaceflight. also present first m
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Precision Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Abstract Background The Inspiration4 (I4) mission, the first all-civilian orbital flight investigated physiological effects of short-duration spaceflight through a multi-omic approach. Despite advances, there remains much to learn about human adaptation spaceflight's unique challenges, including microgravity, immune system perturbations, and radiation exposure. Methods To provide detailed genetics analysis we collected dried blood spots pre-, during, post-flight for DNA extraction. Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR, while whole genome cfDNA sequencing provided insight into genomic stability adaptations. A robust bioinformatic pipeline used data analysis, variant calling assess mutational burden. Result elongation occurred during shortened after return Earth. Cell-free revealed increased cell signatures post-flight. No significant clonal hematopoiesis indeterminate potential (CHIP) or whole-genome instability observed. long-term gene expression changes across cells suggested cellular adaptations space environment persisting months Conclusion Our findings valuable insights consequences spaceflight, with telomere dynamics adapting CHIP will serve as reference point studying early development in astronauts, an understudied phenomenon previous studies have focused on career astronauts. This study future commercial non-commercial low Earth orbit (LEO) missions, deep-space exploration.
Language: Английский
Citations
12
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: July 22, 2024
Abstract Common and rare alleles are now being annotated across millions of human genomes, omics technologies increasingly used to develop health treatment recommendations. However, these have not yet been systematically characterized relative aerospace medicine. Here, we review published naturally found in cohorts that a likely protective effect, which is linked decreased cancer risk improved bone, muscular, cardiovascular health. Although some technical ethical challenges remain, research into mechanisms could translate nutrition, exercise, recommendations for crew members during deep space missions.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
Human space exploration poses inherent risks to astronauts' health, leading molecular changes that can significantly impact their well-being. These alterations encompass genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation, homeostatic dysregulation, and various epigenomic changes. Remarkably, these bear similarities those observed during the aging process on Earth. However, our understanding of connection between shifts disease development in remains limited. Frailty syndrome, a clinical syndrome associated with biological aging, has not been comprehensively investigated spaceflight. To bridge this knowledge gap, we leveraged murine data obtained from NASA's GeneLab, along astronaut gathered JAXA Inspiration4 missions. Our objective was assess presence markers pathways related frailty, sarcopenia within spaceflight context. Through analysis, identified notable gene expression patterns may be indicative frailty-like condition findings suggest parallels extend frailty as well. Consequently, further investigations exploring utility index monitoring health appear warranted.
Language: Английский
Citations
6