ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(47), P. 17249 - 17262
Published: Nov. 12, 2024
Advancements
in
recycling
technologies
for
spent
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs)
are
moving
toward
environmentally
friendly
and
lower
carbon
approaches.
This
study
presents
a
novel
method
lithium
extraction
from
LIBs
based
on
multipotential
field
membrane
coupling
process
involving
nanofiltration
(NF),
reverse
osmosis
(RO),
selective
electrodialysis
(SED).
Lithium
is
extracted
the
leaching
liquor
of
containing
multiple
ions
by
using
NF.
The
combined
effects
Donnan
steric
hindrance
dielectric
exclusion
determine
retention
rates
each
ion.
Divalent
such
as
Ni2+,
Co2+,
Mn2+
experience
stronger
repulsion
during
mass
transfer
process,
resulting
rejection
all
above
98%,
which
advantageous
separation
ions,
recovery
rate
NF
stage
reached
96.02%.
Considering
characteristics
liquor,
acidic
high
chloride,
DK
selected
its
superior
comprehensive
performance
three
commercial
membranes,
with
particular
focus
assessing
long-term
stability
tolerance.
Finally,
coupled
RO
concentration
SED
processes
to
achieve
efficient
enrichment
lithium.
15.23
g/L,
Li2CO3
product
main
content
99.82%
prepared,
providing
an
LIBs.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Abstract
Membrane
technology
holds
significant
potential
for
the
recovery
of
acids
and
alkalis
from
industrial
wastewater
systems,
with
ion
exchange
membranes
(IEMs)
playing
a
crucial
role
in
these
applications.
However,
conventional
IEMs
are
limited
to
separating
only
monovalent
cations
or
anions,
presenting
challenge
achieving
concomitant
H⁺/OH⁻
permselectivity
simultaneous
acid
alkali
recovery.
To
address
this
issue,
charged
microporous
polymer
framework
developed,
featuring
rigid
Tröger's
Base
network
chains
constructed
through
facile
sol‐gel
process.
The
intrinsic
ultramicropore
confinement
quaternary
ammonium‐charged
functional
groups
provide
ultrahigh
size‐sieving
capability
enhanced
Donnan
exclusion
selectivity;
meanwhile,
internal
protoplasmic
channels
frameworks
serve
as
highways
rapid
transfer.
resulting
membrane
achieves
high
H⁺/Fe
2
⁺
OH⁻/WO₄
⁻
selectivities
694.4
181.0,
respectively,
concurrent
separation
diffusion
dialysis
electrodialysis
processes
over
extended
operational
periods
(exceeding
1600
600
h,
respectively),
while
maintaining
remarkable
transport
rates.
These
results
outperform
most
literature‐reported
nearly
all
commercially
available
membranes.
This
study
validates
novel
applicability
materials
ionized
angstrom‐scale
versatile
functionalities
high‐performance
acid/alkali
resource
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Nov. 27, 2024
Cation
separation
under
extreme
pH
is
crucial
for
lithium
recovery
from
spent
batteries,
but
conventional
polyamide
membranes
suffer
pH-induced
hydrolysis.
Preparation
of
high
performance
nanofiltration
with
excellent
pH-resistance
remains
a
challenge.
Here
we
synthesize
membrane
(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane
(TAD)−1,3,5-Tris(bromomethyl)benzene
(TBMB)
thin
film
composite
(TFCMs))
pH-stability
through
interfacial
quaternization
reaction
between
TAD
and
TBMB.
Due
to
the
stability
"C-N"
bonds
in
TAD-TBMB
TFCMs,
its
stable
even
after
70
days
immersion
concentrated
acid
(3
M
H2SO4,
HNO3,
or
HCl)
base
NaOH),
which
at
least
15
times
more
than
benchmark
commercial
membranes.
The
shows
an
overall
(11.3
L
m−2
h−1
bar−1
(LMHB),
RCo2+:
97%
2
H2SO4)
due
size
sieving
intensified
charge
repulsion,
outperforming
many
state-of-the-art
Finally,
TFCM
during
30-days
continuous
H2SO4
leachate
(2
ions:
6.2
g
L−1)
batteries.
A
highly
pH-resistant
was
prepared
by
reaction,
highest
among
analogous
70-days
acid/base.
Meanwhile,
Li2CO3
purity
99.1%
recovered
Membranes
tailored
for
selective
H+
transfer
are
highly
demanded
in
various
fields
such
as
acid
recovery
and
proton
exchange
membranes.
Emerging
framework
materials
featuring
permanent
micropores
present
more
competitive
selectivity
than
traditional
polymeric
However,
it
remains
challenging
to
construct
angstrom
channels
precise
ion
separations.
Herein,
we
demonstrate
the
modulation
of
nitrogen-rich
within
a
covalent
triazine
(CTF)
membrane
by
mix-monomer
copolymerization
strategy,
which
one
monomer
provides
defect-free
another
offers
plentiful
nitrogen
sites.
The
abundant
sites
with
strong
affinity
facilitate
fast
diffusion,
their
high
protonation
level
solution
imparts
positive
charge,
enabling
efficient
Fe2+
retention
via
Donnan
exclusion.
optimized
CTF
achieves
dialysis
coefficient
1.5
×
10-3
m/h
separation
factor
11,242
H+/Fe2+
mixtures.
outperforms
most
reported
membranes
benefiting
from
its
confined
channels.
Additionally,
robust
stability
groups
guarantees
consecutive
operation
aggressive
acidic
solutions.
This
work
presents
an
effective
approach
modulating
transport
efficiency
through
potential
applications
recovery.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(22), P. 13877 - 13885
Published: Nov. 8, 2024
There
is
growing
interest
in
designing
nanofiltration
(NF)
membranes
for
selective
separations.
However,
controlling
the
formation
process
of
polyamide
(PA)
to
achieve
simultaneous
improvements
permeance
and
selectivity
remains
challenging.
The
use
an
interlayer
has
recently
emerged
as
a
promising
strategy
tackle
this
trade-off.
Herein,
nanoporous
covalent
organic
framework
(COF)
interlayers
were
employed
facilitate
thin
PA
membrane
layer.
COF
synthesized
through
counter-diffusion
IP
method,
during
which
solvent
catalyst
tailored
different
extents
crystallinity.
made
by
conventional
on
these
found
show
better
performance
than
that
pristine
polymer
support.
In
addition,
crystalline
COFs
resulted
layer
featuring
narrow
pore
size
distribution
high
negative
surface
charge.
resulting
dual-layer
exhibited
enhanced
NF
performance,
with
superior
rejection
divalent
salts
(Na2SO4,
99.6%;
MgSO4,
97.4%),
mono/divalent
(NaCl/Na2SO4,
137),
water
permeance.
combined
exceed
those
most
reported
membranes,
making
PA/crystalline
NF-based
separation.
National Science Review,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(2)
Published: Nov. 29, 2024
ABSTRACT
Ion
exchange
membranes
(IEMs)
enable
fast
and
selective
ion
transport
the
partition
of
electrode
reactions,
playing
an
important
role
in
fields
precise
separation,
renewable
energy
storage
conversion,
clean
production.
Traditional
IEMs
form
channels
at
nanometer-scale
via
assembly
flexible
polymeric
chains,
which
are
trapped
permeability/conductivity
selectivity
trade-off
dilemma
due
to
a
high
swelling
propensity.
New-generation
have
shown
great
potential
break
this
intrinsic
limitation
by
using
microporous
framework
for
under
confinement
regime.
In
Review,
we
first
describe
fundamental
principles
charged
from
nanometer
sub-nanometer
scale.
Then,
focus
on
construction
new-generation
highlight
effects
sub-2-nm
sub-1-nm
further
ultra-micropores.
The
enhanced
properties
brought
intense
size
sieving
channel
interaction
elucidated,
corresponding
applications
including
lithium
flow
battery,
water
electrolysis,
ammonia
synthesis
introduced.
Finally,
prospect
future
development
with
respect
intricate
microstructure
observation,
in-situ
visualization,
large-scale
membrane
fabrication.
