Viruses,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(1), P. 100 - 100
Published: Jan. 14, 2025
Coronavirus
epidemics
have
posed
a
serious
threat
to
both
human
and
animal
health.
To
combat
emerging
infectious
diseases
caused
by
coronaviruses,
various
infection
models
been
developed
applied
in
research,
including
non-human
primate
models,
ferret
hamster
mouse
others.
Moreover,
new
approaches
utilized
develop
that
are
more
susceptible
infection.
These
include
using
viral
delivery
methods
induce
the
expression
of
receptors
tissues
employing
gene-editing
techniques
create
genetically
modified
mice.
This
has
led
successful
establishment
for
multiple
significantly
advancing
related
research.
In
contrast,
livestock
pets
can
be
infected
coronaviruses
provide
valuable
insights
when
used
as
enabling
collection
accurate
clinical
data
through
analysis
post-infection
pathological
features.
However,
despite
potential
insights,
there
is
paucity
research
pertaining
these
models.
this
review,
we
detailed
overview
recent
progress
development
cause
humans
animals
suggest
ways
which
adapted
further
enhance
their
value
Journal of Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
97(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
SARS‐CoV‐2
virus
is
continuously
evolving,
such
that
JN.1
and
its
subvariants,
including
KP.2,
KP.3,
LB.1,
are
now
predominant
variants
globally.
derived
from
BA.2.86,
which
harbors
more
than
30
mutations
in
the
spike
protein
compared
with
those
of
XBB
BA.2,
it
carries
an
additional
L455S
mutation.
Given
rapid
evolution
these
variants,
assessing
neutralization
capacity
current
lineage
vaccines
against
prevalent
as
critical.
Phylogenetic
trees
using
sequences
antigenic
cartography
based
on
results
reveal
antigenically
distant
previously
circulating
variants.
Moreover,
subvariants
showed
inadequate
titers
other
XBB.1.5‐containing
vaccine
mice.
Immunization
targeting
JN.1,
LB.1
demonstrated
significant
neutralizing
activity
These
highlight
importance
development
to
keep
pace
need
for
updated
variant.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 262 - 262
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
Objectives:
Identifying
immune-protective
biomarkers
is
crucial
for
the
effective
management
and
mitigation
of
current
future
COVID-19
outbreaks,
particularly
in
preventing
or
counteracting
immune
evasion
exhibited
by
Omicron
variants.
The
emergence
SARS-CoV-2
variants,
especially
those
within
lineage,
has
highlighted
their
capacity
to
evade
neutralizing
antibodies,
emphasizing
need
understand
role
antibody-dependent
cell-mediated
cytotoxicity
(ADCC)
combating
these
infections.
Methods:
This
study,
conducted
Qichun
City,
Hubei
province,
from
December
2021
March
2023,
involved
50
healthy
Chinese
adults
who
had
received
two
doses
inactivated
vaccines
subsequently
experienced
mild
infections
with
BA.5
variant.
Blood
samples
were
collected
at
six
distinct
time
points:
baseline
1st,
3rd,
6th,
9th
months
following
third
dose
vaccine,
as
well
3
post-breakthrough
infection.
Their
sera
analyzed
assess
ADCC
neutralization
effects.
Results:
results
indicated
that
antibodies
elicited
vaccine
targeted
spike
protein,
exhibiting
both
pre-existing
activities
against
variants
XBB.1.5.
Notably,
activity
demonstrated
greater
stability
compared
effects,
persisting
least
15
post-vaccination,
could
be
augmented
additional
breakthrough
effect
associated
hybrid
immunity
effectively
targets
a
spectrum
prospective
including
BA.2.86,
CH.1.1,
EG.5.1,
JN.1.
Conclusions:
In
light
its
broad-spectrum
efficacy,
we
recommend
use
biomarker
assessing
protective
guiding
development
monoclonal
antibodies.
Vaccine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
54, P. 126961 - 126961
Published: March 7, 2025
The
continued
diversification
of
SARS-CoV-2
omicron
lineage
has
given
rise
to
the
JN.1
variant
and
descendant
strains
(KP.2,
KP.3,
XEC)
that
have
prolonged
infection
wave.
KP.2
show
decreased
susceptibility
neutralization
sera
in
recipients
XBB.1.5
vaccine
boosters,
supporting
recent
authorization
JN.1-
KP.2-matched
mRNA
vaccines
United
States,
Europe,
other
regions.
We
evaluated
immunogenicity
two
updated
monovalent
variant-containing
formulations
mRNA-1273
encoding
spike
protein
subvariants
(mRNA-1273.167)
(mRNA-1273.712)
as
compared
with
(mRNA-1273.815).
were
administered
either
a
two-dose
primary
series
naive
mice
or
booster
(third)
dose
previously
immunized
(ancestral
strain).
neutralizing
antibody
response
elicited
by
these
against
(KP.3
LA.2)
recombinant
strain
(XEC),
which
achieved
dominance
States
during
late
2024,
was
evaluated.
Primary
immunization
robust
titers
matched
effectively
cross-neutralized
LA.2,
XEC,
but
not
antigenically
distant
XBB.1.5.
Similarly,
increased
corresponding
JN.1-related
subvariants,
These
data
suggest
are
similar
relatively
few
differences
between
KP.2/JN.1-related
subvariants.
Our
results
demonstrate
potency
KP.2-containing
variants
their
utility
cross-neutralizing
XEC.
Taken
together,
licensed
likely
continue
protect
emerging
further
evolves.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 385 - 385
Published: April 3, 2025
Background:
The
SARS-CoV-2
variants
KP.3.1.1
and
XEC
currently
dominate
the
COVID-19
epidemic.
However,
their
cell
tropism,
proteolytic
processing,
susceptibility
to
neutralization
by
monoclonal
antibodies
remain
incompletely
characterized.
Methods:
We
employed
pseudotyped
viruses
assess
entry
efficiency
of
in
various
lines,
dependence
on
TMPRSS2
for
lung
entry,
ability
use
ACE2
infection.
Additionally,
we
evaluated
BD55-4637
BD55-5514.
Results:
entered
lines
with
similar
as
parental
JN.1
lineage
utilized
Calu-3
entry.
Unlike
JN.1,
failed
efficiently
murine
Both
were
effectively
neutralized
BD55-5514,
suggesting
therapeutic
potential.
Conclusions:
Our
findings
demonstrate
that
KP.3.1.1,
XEC,
like
predecessor
BA.2.86,
rely
sensitive
certain
neutralizing
antibodies.
these
differ
utilize
species
orthologs
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 424 - 424
Published: April 17, 2025
Vaccination
has
been
instrumental
in
curbing
the
transmission
of
SARS-CoV-2
and
mitigating
severity
clinical
manifestations
associated
with
COVID-19.
Numerous
COVID-19
vaccines
have
developed
to
this
effect,
including
BioNTech-Pfizer
Moderna’s
mRNA
vaccines,
as
well
adenovirus
vector-based
such
Oxford–AstraZeneca.
However,
emergence
new
variants
subvariants
SARS-CoV-2,
characterized
by
enhanced
transmissibility
immune
evasion,
poses
significant
challenges
efficacy
current
vaccination
strategies.
In
review,
we
aim
comprehensively
outline
landscape
emerging
concern
(VOCs)
sub-lineages
that
recently
surfaced
post-pandemic
years.
We
assess
effectiveness
existing
their
booster
doses,
against
these
subvariants,
BA.2-derived
sub-lineages,
XBB
BA.2.86
(Pirola).
Furthermore,
discuss
latest
advancements
vaccine
technology,
multivalent
pan-coronavirus
approaches,
along
development
several
next-generation
coronavirus
exosome-based,
virus-like
particle
(VLP),
mucosal,
nanomaterial-based
vaccines.
Finally,
highlight
key
critical
areas
for
future
research
address
evolving
threat
develop
strategies
combating
viral
threats,
thereby
improving
preparedness
pandemics.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(5)
Published: April 21, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
ongoing
emergence
of
new
variants
the
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS‐CoV‐2)
underscores
urgent
need
for
developing
antivirals
targeting
both
SARS‐CoV‐2
and
related
sarbecoviruses.
To
this
end,
we
designed
novel
trispecific
antibodies,
Tri‐1
Tri‐2,
engineered
by
fusing
single‐chain
variable
fragments
(scFvs)
a
potent
antibody
(PW5‐570)
to
Fc
region
“Knob‐into‐Hole”
bispecific
antibodies
(bsAbs)
composed
two
distinct
broad
(PW5‐5
PW5‐535).
Compared
with
parental
Tri‐2
displayed
enhanced
binding
affinities
receptor‐binding
domains
SARS‐CoV,
wild
type,
Omicron
XBB.1.16,
each
arm
contributed
overall
enhancement.
Furthermore,
pseudovirus
neutralization
assays
revealed
that
effectively
neutralized
all
tested
variants,
sarbecoviruses
(Pangolin‐GD,
RaTG13,
WIV1,
SHC014),
demonstrating
potency
breadth
superior
any
single
antibody.
Consistently,
were
found
neutralize
authentic
SARS‐CoV
IC
50
values
comparable
or
better
than
those
antibodies.
Taken
together,
study
highlights
potential
effectiveness
as
formats
harnessing
cross‐neutralizing
in
development
multivalent
agents
combat
current
future
SARS‐like
coronaviruses.
