Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(12), P. 1109 - 1109
Published: Dec. 15, 2024
Antibody-dependent
enhancement
(ADE)
is
a
phenomenon
in
which
antibodies
enhance
subsequent
viral
infections
rather
than
preventing
them.
Sub-optimal
levels
of
neutralizing
individuals
infected
with
dengue
virus
are
known
to
be
associated
severe
disease
upon
reinfection
different
serotype.
For
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
Coronavirus
type-2
infection,
three
types
ADE
have
been
proposed:
(1)
Fc
receptor-dependent
infection
cells
expressing
receptors,
such
as
macrophages
by
anti-spike
antibodies,
(2)
receptor-independent
epithelial
and
(3)
cytokine
production
anti-nucleocapsid
antibodies.
This
review
focuses
on
the
induced
examining
its
potential
role
COVID-19
during
contribution
post-acute
sequelae
COVID-19,
i.e.,
prolonged
symptoms
lasting
at
least
months
after
acute
phase
disease.
We
also
discuss
protective
effects
recently
identified
that
neutralize
Omicron
variants.
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 27, 2024
The
SARS-CoV-2
spike
(S)
protein
has
undergone
significant
evolution,
enhancing
both
receptor
binding
and
immune
evasion.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
ongoing
efforts
to
develop
antibodies
targeting
various
epitopes
of
the
S
protein,
focusing
on
their
neutralization
potency,
breadth,
escape
mechanisms.
Antibodies
receptor-binding
site
(RBS)
typically
exhibit
high
neutralizing
potency
but
are
frequently
evaded
by
mutations
in
variants.
contrast,
conserved
regions,
such
as
S2
stem
helix
fusion
peptide,
broader
reactivity
generally
lower
potency.
However,
several
broadly
have
demonstrated
exceptional
efficacy
against
emerging
variants,
including
latest
omicron
subvariants,
underscoring
potential
vulnerable
sites
RBS-A
RBS-D/CR3022.
We
also
highlight
public
classes
different
protein.
targeted
present
opportunities
for
germline-targeting
vaccine
strategies.
Overall,
developing
escape-resistant,
potent
effective
vaccines
remains
crucial
combating
future
This
review
emphasizes
importance
identifying
key
utilizing
antibody
affinity
maturation
inform
therapeutic
design.
