Spray‐induced gene silencing to control plant pathogenic fungi: A step‐by‐step guide

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

RNA interference (RNAi)-based control technologies are gaining popularity as potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the ongoing effort manage plant pathogenic fungi. Among these methods, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) emerges particularly promising due its convenience and feasibility for development. This approach is a new technology disease management, which double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting essential or virulence genes applied plants products subsequently absorbed by pathogens, triggering effect inhibition of infection process. Spray-induced has demonstrated efficacy laboratory settings against various fungal pathogens. However, research progressed from greenhouse field environments, novel challenges arose, such ensuring stability dsRNAs their effective delivery targets. Here, we provide practical guide SIGS outlines steps considerations needed designing assessing dsRNA molecules. It also addresses key inherent SIGS, including molecules, how nanoencapsulation can aid overcoming obstacles. Additionally, underscores existing knowledge gaps that warrant further aims assistance researchers, especially those field, encouraging advancement broad range

Language: Английский

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Integrating RNA Interference and Nanotechnology: A Transformative Approach in Plant Protection

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 977 - 977

Published: March 20, 2025

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potent mechanism for combating pathogenic fungi and oomycetes over the past decades. It offers promising gene-silencing approach by targeting crucial genes involved in diseases caused economically scientifically significant fungal pathogens, such Botrytis cinerea Fusarium species. Simultaneously, nano-agro-products have gained attention alternatives to traditional fungicides plant protection strategies. However, instability of naked molecules outside cellular environment presents challenge, they degrade rapidly, limiting their efficacy prolonged disease control. Concerns regarding toxicity protective nanoparticles non-target organisms also arisen. Integrating RNAi with nano-agro-products, particularly nanocarriers, form RNA-nano complexes demonstrated potential, providing enhanced stability, reduced toxicity, extended This review explores mechanisms complexes-mediated protection, addressing stability nano-toxicity issues while examining prospects complex research pathogen management.

Language: Английский

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Targeting the Hh and Hippo pathways by miR‐7 suppresses the development of insect wings

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract Wings are important organs of insects involved in flight, mating, and other behaviors, therefore prime targets for pest control. The formation insect wings is a complex process that regulated by multiple pathways. Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates the distribution wing veins, while Hippo modulates size. Any interventions can manipulate these pathways have potential to disrupt development could be used In this study, we find overexpression miR‐7 Drosophila results smaller with disordered veins. Mechanistically, directly both ci yki via different mature miRNAs (miR‐7‐5p miR‐7‐3p), thereby disrupting Hh Importantly, regulatory mechanism also observed another species, Helicoverpa armigera . Finally, utilizing nanocarrier delivery system, show introducing star polycation (SPc) leads defects H. conclusion, findings uncover inhibits targeting pathways, indicating its use control strategies.

Language: Английский

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DICER1: The Argonaute Endonuclease Family Member and Its Role in Pediatric and Youth Pathology

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 93 - 93

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

In 2001, two enzyme-encoding genes were recognized in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The genetic material, labeled Dicer-1 and Dicer-2, encodes ribonuclease-type enzymes with slightly diverse target substrates. human orthologue is DICER1. It a gene, which has been positioned on chromosome 14q32.13. contains 27 exons, are linking enzyme domains. DICER1 found all organ systems. proved that it paramount development. protein determined by ribonuclease (RNase). This RNase belongs to III superfamily, formally known as ’endoribonuclease’. function of proteins set identify degrade double-stranded molecules RNA. vital “housekeeping” gene. multi-domain key for small RNA processing. functions numerous pathways, including interference paths, DNA damage renovation, response viruses. At level, DICER also involved several diseases, pleuro-pulmonary blastoma probably most egregious entity. Numerous studies have full range corresponding relationship tumorigenic non-neoplastic diseases. fact, mutations (somatic germline) detected genetically associated at least clinical syndromes: syndrome GLOW syndrome. ubiquity this body makes an exquisite nanotechnology-supported therapies repurposing drug approaches.

Language: Английский

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Novel Insights into the Control of Sitophilus zeamais in Grain by Chitosan-Nanoparticle-Contained dsSzCOX

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Sitophilus zeamais is a highly destructive pest of stored grains worldwide. To develop novel RNA insecticides, the double-stranded S. cytochrome c oxidase (dsSzCOXs: dsSzCOXI, dsSzCOXII, and dsSzCOXIII) was successfully expressed in pET28a-BL21(DE3)-RNaseIII- system remarkably downregulated expression level SzCOXs through injection or feeding methods, leading to high mortalities both larvae adults. Under their optimal conditions (isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside, 0.6 mM), yields dsSzCOXI (at 28 °C for 4 h), dsSzCOXII 37 6 dsSzCOXIII h) were 8.49, 5.80, 6.04 μg/mL respectively. The chitosan-based gene delivery composed dsSzCOXs (CS@dsSzCOXs) established insecticidal effect adults via mixing wheat seeds, with mortality reaching 50% on day ten. Consequently, this nanoparticle-mediated expected be an effective approach control.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology-driven gene silencing: advancements in SIGS–dsRNA technology for sustainable disease management

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Among the fungal diseases, Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by graminearum, is one of most destructive disease affecting wheat. This pathogen poses significant threats to global wheat production, leading substantial yield losses and contaminating grains with harmful mycotoxins. The chemical control FHB has become increasingly challenging due rise resistance, environmental concerns, effects climate change. review introduces a novel approach management through spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), cutting-edge technology that uses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) silence critical genes in both fungus host plant. reduces virulence enhances plant resilience. A key innovation integration nanotechnology improve delivery dsRNA, addressing challenges related stability, cellular uptake, targeting efficiency field conditions. Nanocarriers have revolutionized dsRNA improving its encapsulation efficiency, precision, compared traditional methods. Advances cost-effective particularly microbial expression systems, enable scalable sustainable implementation this technology. emphasizes potential nanocarrier systems precision agriculture highlights their role replacing treatments interference (RNAi)-based solutions. RNAi-based approaches not only reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals, but also promote sustainability fungicide resistance. However, remain large-scale application, cost-effectiveness, regulatory approval processes. Overcoming these hurdles will be crucial unlocking full In conclusion, combination SIGS-based offers groundbreaking managing infections innovative strategy minimize impacts while enhancing food security, paving way for more resilient agricultural future.

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Physiological adaptations of insects exposed to different stress conditions, volume II

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 18, 2025

The current research topic, titled "Physiological Adaptations of Insects Under Varied Stress Conditions," serves as a continuation the inaugural special issue published in Volume I (Tang et al. 2020). Recognizing an increasing interest among biologists focused on environmental stress responses regarding how insects adapt physiologically to different stressors, backed by significant genomic insights-the decision was made develop this second volume series. We opted broaden our exploration various factors backdrop ecological and evolutionary perspectives through two reviews nine original articles. Furthermore, represents ongoing dialogue surrounding recent developments related insect adaptation amidst diverse challenges. included articles explore adaptive traits innovative protocols emerging technologies aimed at filling existing knowledge gaps.Under persistent selection pressure from chemical insecticides, have acquired resistance across classes these chemicals. Typically, development insecticide within populations comes with fitness cost that can influence rate which evolves. These costs compromise biological characteristics such survival rates, reproductive output, hatching success, lifespan. This trade-off is viewed indicative processes driving resistance. Gul extensively surveyed literature induced past decade. review provides in-depth analysis costs, essential for formulating effective strategies manage resistance.The Manchineel, scientifically known Hippomane mancinella-often called "Death Apple Tree"-is recognized one most poisonous fruits globally. Despite its toxicity, it exclusive host plant fruit fly species Anastrepha acris. García-Saldaña described detoxification employed A. acris larvae. They identified primary mechanisms present both species: structural mechanism activates cuticle protein biosynthesis-specifically chitin-binding proteins, likely diminish permeability harmful substances intestineand metabolic induces serine protease production enhances xenobiotic metabolism activation.In years, excessive use synthetic insecticides has resulted developing resistant Consequently, focus advancing alternative eco-friendly contribute effectively pest management strategies. Plumbagin emerged compound agricultural chemistry due unique mode action remarkable efficacy against wide range insects. conducted Sun shed light specific insecticidal associated plumbagin, offering important insights into effectiveness natural pesticide.As promising sustainable substitute conventional pesticides, RNAibased facilitate more resilient practices pests (Quilez-Molina 2024). A noteworthy investigation Yang trehalose, key precursor chitin synthesis pathway enzyme trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays role biosynthetic process. Through RNA interference (RNAi), inhibiting TPS expression Mythimna separata led substantial reductions trehalose levels activity. Their findings suggest RNAi technology may significantly enhance approaches controlling infestations M. separata.In worldwide challenges posed detrimental impacts pesticide application, sterile technique (SIT) devised early 1930s. method gaining globally applies minor extensive operations. SIT functions autocidal control strategy necessitates large-scale breeding target sterilization ionizing radiation, followed systematic release designated areas decrease population numbers over successive generations. spotted cutworm Xestia c-nigrum agroforestry temperate tropical climates Asia, Europe, North Africa, America. Research Chu detailed dosimetry X-ray exposure effects parameters irradiated pest. results irradiation could versatile threat.The melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, affecting Cucurbitaceae family globally, damaging 130 varieties vegetables fruits. Previous discussions highlighted potential radiation-mediated poses minimal risk non-target species. In separate investigation, Ahmad uncovering genes influenced Z. cucurbitae are linked critical developmental anomalies comparative transcriptomics subsequent targeted gene knockdown techniques. provide strong evidence suggesting identify candidate future (RNAi)-based control.Light traps been used monitor safeguard crops many years. As crucial component integrated strategies, gained popularity capturing crop-damaging while decreasing reliance pesticides. Recently, there trap environmentally friendly use. Jiang examined duration exposure, gender differences, circadian rhythms affect phototactic behaviour female male Dastarcus helophoroides beetles. By employing wavelengths light, analyzed patterns females males subjected white exposure. Findings indicated beetles exhibited negative phototaxis when exposed synergistic molecular network governing their response illumination during nocturnal activity.Insects ectothermic organisms, similar other ectotherms, survival, development, reproduction be affected temperature extremes. Recent suggests threat climate change greater than earlier assessments suggested (Johansson al., Numerous utilise phenotypic plasticity genetic diversity cope fluctuations. Nevertheless, relying solely insufficient withstand extreme temperatures. further investigations using models understanding thermal variations. series, cold tolerance cryoprotectants, covering heat extracellular freezing responses. study theoretical basis overwintering distribution prediction Megabruchidius dorsalis adults. review, Chen adult seed beetle alongside low temperatures physiological biochemical processes. establishes framework behaviours adults.Many developed endure freezing, yet fundamental principles underlying freeze not fully comprehended. often employ either or avoidance strategies; they maintain liquid bodily fluids permitting ice formation spaces rather cellular interiors. Štětina Koštál mitochondrial functional between larvae phenotypes sensitive those exhibit drosophilid Chymomyza crostata. revealed triggered transition inner membrane.Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) hemipteran predator targets brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, rice crops. global warming intensifying stress, adversely predatory abilities C. . responds identifying rates improve hunting efficiency under conditions. studies sphingolipids play regulating stress. Ceramide-degrading enzymes (CDases) vital involved ceramide metabolism. homologous CDase transcriptomic databases lividipennis, regulatory play.Under conditions, encompasses multifaceted array abiotic biotic factors, leading organisms encounter several stressors simultaneously. Investigating co-variables organism's reaction multiple simultaneous combinations threshold limits homeostatic plasticity. explored Bomble Nath Drosophila melanogaster model organism. Notably, all types shared oxidative regardless were administered. demonstrated reactive nitrogen (RNS) oxygen (ROS), establishing connection desiccation, starvation D. first documentation RONS (reactive species) generation following combined stresses melanogaster, valuable relevant processes.Insects components ecosystems, resilience adaptability will implications biodiversity, ecosystem services, changing world. adaptations environment complex multifaceted. area continues evolve, integrate disciplines comprehensive changes. predicting outcomes informing conservation practices.

Language: Английский

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RNAi applications towards environmentally sustainable food security

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100612 - 100612

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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