Biological functions and therapeutic applications of human mucosal-associated invariant T cells

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique subset of innate-like lymphocytes that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Characterized by their semi-invariant cell receptor (TCR) abundant localization in mucosal tissues, MAIT recognize microbial metabolites, primarily derived from the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, presented major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related protein 1 (MR1). This interaction, along with co-stimulatory signals, triggers rapid immune responses, including cytokine secretion cytotoxic activity, highlighting importance maintaining homeostasis combating infections. review provides an in-depth overview biology, development, activation pathways, functional diversity, protective roles immunity, contributions to diseases like cancer inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), context-dependent dual functions health pathology. also highlights emerging therapeutic potential immunotherapy. Their TCR specificity, abundance, tissue-homing properties make them ideal candidates for engineering novel therapies, such as chimeric antigen (CAR)-MAIT cells, targeting infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases. Challenges escape, exhaustion, CAR design optimization must be addressed enhance clinical efficacy. In summary, integral function, presents exciting opportunities treatment wide range Further research is essential unlock full these versatile cells.

Language: Английский

The clinical landscape of CAR-engineered unconventional T cells

Trends in cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Unconventional T cells, such as invariant natural killer (iNKT), γδ T, and mucosal-associated (MAIT) play a pivotal role in bridging innate adaptive immunity. Their capacity for rapid tumor targeting effective modulation of the microenvironment (TME) makes them promising candidates cancer immunotherapy. Advances chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering have further highlighted their therapeutic potential, particularly treating challenging cancers. Notably, these cells exhibit favorable safety profiles, enhancing viability off-the-shelf options. We provide comprehensive analysis clinical applications CAR-engineered unconventional focusing on genetic modifications, manufacturing processes, preconditioning regimens, dosing strategies. discuss successful examples from recent trials explore future directions utilizing therapy beyond.

Language: Английский

Protocol to profile tumor and microenvironment from ovarian cancer patient samples and evaluate cell-based therapy using in vitro killing assays

STAR Protocols, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 103742 - 103742

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский