Global influence of soil texture on ecosystem water limitation

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 635(8039), P. 631 - 638

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Low soil moisture and high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) cause plant water stress lead to a variety of drought responses, including reduction in transpiration photosynthesis

Language: Английский

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Drought Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Responses

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 2962 - 2962

Published: Oct. 23, 2024

Drought, a significant environmental challenge, presents substantial risk to worldwide agriculture and the security of food supplies. In response, plants can perceive stimuli from their environment activate defense pathways via various modulating networks cope with stress. Drought tolerance, multifaceted attribute, be dissected into distinct contributing mechanisms factors. Osmotic stress, dehydration dysfunction plasma endosome membranes, loss cellular turgidity, inhibition metabolite synthesis, energy depletion, impaired chloroplast function, oxidative stress are among most critical consequences drought on plant cells. Understanding intricate interplay these physiological molecular responses provides insights adaptive strategies employ navigate through Plant cells express withstand reverse effects These include osmotic adjustment preserve turgor, synthesis protective proteins like dehydrins, triggering antioxidant systems counterbalance A better understanding tolerance is crucial for devising specific methods improve crop resilience promote sustainable agricultural practices in environments limited water resources. This review explores employed by address challenges

Language: Английский

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Soil moisture controls over carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions: a review

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

This literature review synthesizes the role of soil moisture in regulating carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions (CS-GHG). Soil directly affects photosynthesis, respiration, microbial activity, organic matter dynamics, with optimal levels enhancing storage while extremes, such as drought flooding, disrupt these processes. A quantitative analysis is provided on effects CS-GHG across various ecosystems climatic conditions, highlighting a "Peak Decline" pattern for CO₂ at 40% water-filled pore space (WFPS), CH₄ N₂O peak higher (60–80% around 80% WFPS, respectively). The also examines ecosystem models, discussing how dynamics are incorporated to simulate nutrient cycling. Sustainable management practices, including conservation agriculture, agroforestry, optimized water management, prove effective mitigating GHG by maintaining ideal levels. further emphasizes importance advancing multiscale observations feedback modeling through high-resolution remote sensing ground-based data integration, well hybrid frameworks. interactive model-experiment framework emerges promising approach linking experimental model refinement, enabling continuous improvement predictions. From policy perspective, shifting focus from short-term agricultural productivity long-term crucial. Achieving this shift will require financial incentives, robust monitoring systems, collaboration among stakeholders ensure sustainable practices effectively contribute climate mitigation goals.

Language: Английский

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Mesoporous Nanogel Sprays as Universal Evaporation Interface Modifiers for Boosting Water‐Cluster Evaporation

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Abstract Accelerating water evaporation is vital for processes like photosynthesis, dehydration, and desalination. Optimizing the pore structure interfacial properties of evaporative materials can reduce enthalpy increase efficiency. However, integrating interface with transport channels poses significant design challenges complicates low‐enthalpy analysis. To address these challenges, a hydrophilic nanovesicle gel developed hydrophobic mesoporous as an ideal spray. This spray effectively upgrades their universal substrates (including PVA hydrogels, balsa wood, nanofiltration membrane, cellulose paper, nylon fabrics, etc.), enabling simple preparation materials. The sprayed samples, at low spraying dose 40 mg cm −2 , achieved rates 1.58 3.26 kg m h −1 under 0.5 1 sun irradiance, which are 297% 268% higher than respective substrates. These nanogels offer benefits edibility, cost, ease use, compatibility various substrates, showing great potential in seawater desalination, dehydration technology, crop yield enhancement, coating/paint drying. More importantly, this work highlights need researchers to focus on surface materials, rather merely using bulk gels, development high‐performance

Language: Английский

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Nature Inspired Phototropic Artificial Photosynthesis

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract The efficiency of solar energy capture by terrestrial and device surfaces is significantly influenced the variations in angle incidence, which change with latitude, season, time day. These fluctuations result notable density losses. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) system‐based artificial leaf has attracted immense research interests recently. However, its programmability adaptiveness highly desired noticeably lacking. In this study, a novel programmable biomimetic PEC system—artificial aquatic plant—designed for bias‐free complete water splitting, capable adapting introduce to dynamic light incident angles. Inspired key structures plants, such as cytoplasm, chloroplasts, petioles, work incorporates innovative design light‐weight electrodes, protective hydrogel layers, integrated light‐responsive composites supportive actuating elements. As result, advanced not only maintains stable splitting performance but also exhibits characteristic phototropic properties, enhancing 47% 866% under at 45° 90°. Unlike traditional rigid systems, opens new avenues development intelligent devices that can adapt varying environments, paving way adaptive green technology self‐sustaining production.

Language: Английский

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Biomimetic Design of Breathable 2D Photothermal Fabric with Three‐Layered Structure for Efficient Four‐Plane Evaporation of Seawater

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Abstract 2D photothermal membranes have demonstrated numerous advantages in solar desalination due to their flexibility, scalability, and low cost. However, practical applications are limited by the restricted evaporation area obstructed vapor channels. A biomimetic design of breathable fabric is reported, which composed two carbon‐nanotube‐hydrogel‐coated polyester (PET) fabrics separated fiber pillars, with upper layer having a hole array as stomatal This shows high solar‐absorption efficiency (96.1%) decreased water‐evaporation enthalpy (1664.6 kJ kg −1 ). The hanging heliotropic evaporator exhibits four‐plane feature achieves rate 2.6 m −2 h under sunlight (1.0 kW ) illumination, better than traditional floated model (single‐plane, 1.6 can be further enhanced 4.2 upon introducing adscititious airflow (2 s Simultaneously, heliotropic‐hanging allows dropping concentrated brine, avoiding solid‐salt‐crystallization.

Language: Английский

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Long‐term changes in forest response to extreme atmospheric dryness

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(18), P. 5379 - 5396

Published: June 28, 2023

Abstract Atmospheric dryness, as indicated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), has a strong influence on forest greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere. In this study, we used long‐term (10–30 years) net ecosystem productivity (NEP) measurements from 60 sites across world (1003 site‐years) to quantify changes in NEP resistance and recovery response extreme atmospheric dryness. We tested two hypotheses: first, differences of forests will depend both biophysical characteristics (i.e., leaf area index [LAI] type) well local meteorological conditions site mean VPD site), second, experiencing an increasing trend frequency intensity dryness show over time due emergence ecological stress memory. data‐driven statistical learning approach multiple years. Our results showed that types, LAI, median explained 50% variance recovery, drier showing higher compared less The impact events lasted for up 3 days following most severe forests, than 100%. rejected our second hypothesis found no consistent relationship between trends different sites, thus increase it is predicted might not or terms NEP.

Language: Английский

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Rising water-use efficiency in European grasslands is driven by increased primary production

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: March 27, 2023

Abstract Water-use efficiency is the amount of carbon assimilated per water used by an ecosystem and a key indicator functioning, but its variability in response to climate change droughts not thoroughly understood. Here, we investigated trends, drought drivers three water-use indices from 1995–2018 Europe with remote sensing data that considered long-term environmental effects. We show inherent decreased −4.2% Central Europe, exhibiting threatened functioning. In European grasslands it increased +24.2%, regulated transpiration assimilation. Further, highlight modulation hydro-climate importance adaptive canopy conductance on function. Our results imply decoupling assimilation efficient management strategies could make difference between well-coping ecosystems ongoing change, provide important insights for land surface model development.

Language: Английский

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Advancing understanding of land–atmosphere interactions by breaking discipline and scale barriers

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1522(1), P. 74 - 97

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Vegetation and atmosphere processes are coupled through a myriad of interactions linking plant transpiration, carbon dioxide assimilation, turbulent transport moisture, heat atmospheric constituents, aerosol formation, moist convection, precipitation. Advances in our understanding hampered by discipline barriers challenges the role small spatiotemporal scales. In this perspective, we propose to study atmosphere–ecosystem interaction as continuum integrating leaf regional scales (multiscale) biochemical physical (multiprocesses). The ahead (1) How do clouds canopies affect transferring in‐canopy penetration radiation, thereby impacting photosynthesis biogenic chemical transformations? (2) is radiative energy spatially distributed converted into fluxes heat, carbon, reactive compounds? (3) local (leaf‐canopy‐clouds, 1 m kilometers) interact with meteorology composition (kilometers 100 km)? (4) can integrate feedbacks between cloud effects physiology reduce uncertainties climate projections driven warming enhanced levels? Our methodology integrates fine‐scale explicit simulations new observational techniques determine unresolved small‐scale weather models.

Language: Английский

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Daytime stomatal regulation in mature temperate trees prioritizes stem rehydration at night

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(2), P. 533 - 546

Published: May 26, 2023

Trees remain sufficiently hydrated during drought by closing stomata and reducing canopy conductance (Gc ) in response to variations atmospheric water demand soil availability. Thresholds that control the reduction of Gc are proposed optimize hydraulic safety against carbon assimilation efficiency. However, link between ability stem tissues rehydrate at night remains unclear. We investigated whether species-specific responses aim prevent branch embolisms, or enable night-time rehydration, which is critical for turgor-dependent growth. For this, we used a unique combination concurrent dendrometer, sap flow leaf potential measurements collected branch-vulnerability curves six common European tree species. Species-specific was weakly related potentials 50% xylem conductivity lost (P50 ). Instead, found stronger relationship with rehydration. Species were less effective refilling stem-water storage as dries, appeared their architecture. Our findings highlight importance rehydration water-use regulation mature trees, likely relates maintenance adequate turgor. thus conclude must complement widely accepted safety-efficiency stomatal paradigm.

Language: Английский

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