The complexity of measuring reliability in learning tasks: An illustration using the Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task

Behavior Research Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 301 - 317

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Abstract Despite the fact that reliability estimation is crucial for robust inference, it underutilized in neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Appreciating can help researchers increase statistical power, effect sizes, reproducibility, decrease impact of measurement error, inform methodological choices. However, accurately calculating many experimental learning tasks challenging. In this study, we highlight a number these issues, estimate multiple metrics internal consistency split-half widely used task on large sample 180 subjects. We show how pre-processing choices, length, size affect its estimation. Our results Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task has respectable reliability, especially when scores are calculated based reaction times two-stage averaging. also length 25 blocks be sufficient to meet usual thresholds minimally acceptable reliability. further illustrate relying single point misleading, calculation metrics, along with their uncertainties, lead more complete characterization psychometric properties tasks.

Language: Английский

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Structure transfer and consolidation in visual implicit learning

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Transfer learning, the re-application of previously learned higher-level regularities to novel input, is a key challenge in cognition. While previous empirical studies investigated human transfer learning supervised or reinforcement for explicit knowledge, it unknown whether such occurs during naturally more common implicit and unsupervised and, if so, how related memory consolidation. We compared newly acquired abstract knowledge by extending visual statistical paradigm context. found but with important differences depending on explicitness/implicitness knowledge. Observers acquiring initial could structures immediately. In contrast, observers same amount showed opposite effect, structural interference transfer. However, sleep between phases, observers, while still remaining implicit, switched their behaviour pattern as did. This effect was specific not after non-sleep Our results highlight similarities generalizable relying consolidation restructuring internal representations.

Language: Английский

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Tracking human skill learning with a hierarchical Bayesian sequence model

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. e1009866 - e1009866

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Humans can implicitly learn complex perceptuo-motor skills over the course of large numbers trials. This likely depends on our becoming better able to take advantage ever richer and temporally deeper predictive relationships in environment. Here, we offer a novel characterization this process, fitting non-parametric, hierarchical Bayesian sequence model reaction times human participants’ responses ten sessions, each comprising thousands trials, serial time task involving higher-order dependencies. The model, adapted from domain language, forgetfully updates trial-by-trial, seamlessly combines information shorter longer windows onto past events, weighing proportionally their power. As implies posterior window depths, were determine how, how many, previous elements influenced individual internal predictions, changed with practice. Already first session, showed that participants had begun rely two (i.e., trigrams), thereby successfully adapting most prominent structure task. extent which local statistical fluctuations trigram frequency waned subsequent as forgot trigrams less evidenced skilled performance. By eighth subset shifted prior further consider context than elements. Finally, resistance interference slow forgetting old when it was final sessions. Model parameters for covaried appropriately independent measures working memory error characteristics. In sum, offers principled account adaptive complexity nuanced dynamics humans’ representations during long-term implicit skill learning.

Language: Английский

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Manipulating the Rapid Consolidation Periods in a Learning Task Affects General Skills More than Statistical Learning and Changes the Dynamics of Learning

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. ENEURO.0228 - 22.2022

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Memory consolidation processes have traditionally been investigated from the perspective of hours or days. However, recent developments in memory research shown that could occur even within seconds, possibly because neural replay just practiced traces during short breaks. Here, we investigate this rapid form statistical learning. We aim to answer (1) whether occurs implicit learning and general skill learning, (2) duration rest periods affects these two types differently. Human participants performed a widely used task-the alternating serial reaction time (ASRT) task-that enables us measure separately. The ASRT task consisted 25 blocks with period between blocks. In between-subjects design, length was fixed at 15 30 s, control themselves. found does not affect amount knowledge acquired but change dynamics Shorter led better blocks, whereas longer promoted also between-block periods, higher replay. Moreover, weaker self-paced group than groups. These results suggest distinct are differently affected by periods.

Language: Английский

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Structure transfer and consolidation in visual implicit learning

Published: March 11, 2025

Transfer learning, the re-application of previously learned higher-level regularities to novel input, is a key challenge in cognition. While previous empirical studies investigated human transfer learning supervised or reinforcement for explicit knowledge, it unknown whether such occurs during naturally more common implicit and unsupervised and, if so, how related memory consolidation. We compared newly acquired abstract knowledge by extending visual statistical paradigm context. found but with important differences depending on explicitness/implicitness knowledge. Observers acquiring initial could structures immediately. In contrast, observers same amount showed opposite effect, structural interference transfer. However, sleep between phases, observers, while still remaining implicit, switched their behaviour pattern as did. This effect was specific not after non-sleep Our results highlight similarities generalizable relying consolidation restructuring internal representations.

Language: Английский

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Prefrontal stimulation as a tool to disrupt hippocampal and striatal reactivations underlying fast motor memory consolidation

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 1336 - 1345

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Recent evidence suggests that hippocampal replay in humans support rapid motor memory consolidation during epochs of wakefulness interleaved with task practice.The goal this study was to test whether such reactivation patterns can be modulated experimental interventions and turn influence fast consolidation. We hypothesized non-invasive brain stimulation targeting striatal networks via the prefrontal cortex would form consolidation.Theta-burst applied a cluster functionally connected both hippocampus striatum young healthy participants before they learned sequence functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Neuroimaging data acquired practice rest were analyzed comprehensively characterize effect on neural processes supporting consolidation.Our results collectively show active, as compared control, theta-burst hindered Converging from univariate multivariate analyses fMRI indicate active disrupted caudate responses inter-practice rest, presumably altering learning-related micro-offline episodes. Last, altered link between behavioral markers process.These suggest deep regions used modulate reactivations human

Language: Английский

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Similarity of brain activity patterns during learning and subsequent resting state predicts memory consolidation

Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 168 - 190

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Spontaneous reactivation of brain activity from learning to a subsequent off-line period has been implicated as neural mechanism underlying memory consolidation. However, similarities in may also emerge result individual, trait-like characteristics. Here, we introduced novel approach for analyzing continuous electroencephalography (EEG) data investigate learning-induced changes well characteristics Thirty-one healthy young adults performed task, and their performance was retested after short (∼1 h) delay. Consolidation two distinct types information (serial-order probability) embedded the task were tested reveal functional networks that uniquely predict respective performance. EEG recorded during pre- post-learning rest periods. To associated with consolidation, quantified connectivity between pre-learning (baseline similarity) (post-learning similarity). While comparable patterns these could indicate similarities, baseline similarity changes, possibly spontaneous reactivation. Higher alpha frequency (8.5–9.5 Hz) better consolidation serial-order information, particularly long-range connections across central parietal sites. The probability delta (2.5–3 specifically more local, short-range connections. Furthermore, there substantial overlap associations performance, suggesting robust (trait-like) differences processes.

Language: Английский

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How does the length of short rest periods affect implicit probabilistic learning?

Neuroimage Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 100078 - 100078

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Memory consolidation has been mainly investigated for extended periods, from hours to days. Recent studies focused on memory occurring within shorter seconds minutes. Yet, these explicit sequence learning with fixed rest periods. Our study aimed at determining whether short periods enhance implicit probabilistic and the length of duration influences such offline changes. Participants performed an task throughout 45 blocks. Between blocks, participants were allowed then continue their pace. The results show that knowledge decreased pre-to post-rest this decrement was not related duration. These suggest decays during forgetting is time-dependent. Overall, our findings highlight ultra-fast differently affects distinct cognitive processes.

Language: Английский

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Neural representations of statistical and rule‐based predictions in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(8)

Published: June 1, 2024

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a disorder characterised by motor and vocal tics, which may represent habitual actions as result of enhanced learning associations between stimuli responses (S-R). In this study, we investigated how adults with GTS healthy controls (HC) learn two types regularities in sequence: statistics (non-adjacent probabilities) rules (predefined order). Participants completed visuomotor sequence task while EEG was recorded. To understand the neurophysiological underpinnings these GTS, multivariate pattern analyses on temporally decomposed signal well sLORETA source localisation method were conducted. We found that people showed superior statistical but comparable rule-based compared to HC participants. Adults had different neural representations for both than adults; specifically, maintained regularity longer more overlap them HCs. Moreover, over time scales, distinct fronto-parietal structures contribute groups. propose hyper-learning consequence altered sensitivity encode complex statistics, might lead actions.

Language: Английский

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Access to Procedural Memories After One Year: Evidence for Robust Memory Consolidation in Tourette Syndrome

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Tourette syndrome is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. On the neural level, tics are thought to be related disturbances of cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops, which also play an important role in procedural learning. Several studies have investigated acquisition information access established TS. Based on these, notion hyperfunctioning, i.e., enhanced learning, has been proposed. However, one neglected area retention acquired information, especially following long-term offline period. Here, we 5-hour 1-year consolidation two aspects memory, namely serial-order probability-based information. Nineteen children with TS between ages 10 15 as well 19 typically developing gender- age-matched controls were tested visuomotor four-choice reaction time task that enables simultaneous assessment aspects. They retested same 5 hours 1 year later without any practice periods. Both groups successfully retained both when then later, comparable performance control groups. Children did not acquire during learning phase; hence, could reliably tested. Our study showed evidence for short-term aspect TS, whereas might impaired this disorder.

Language: Английский

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