Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Nov. 2, 2022
Over
the
past
2
decades,
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
have
attracted
a
lot
of
interest
as
unique
therapeutic
approach
for
variety
diseases.
MSCs
are
capable
self-renewal
and
multilineage
differentiation
capacity,
immunomodulatory,
anti-inflammatory
properties
allowing
it
to
play
role
in
regenerative
medicine.
Furthermore,
low
tumorigenicity
immune
privileged,
which
permits
use
allogeneic
therapies
that
eliminate
need
collect
directly
from
patients.
Induced
pluripotent
(iPSCs)
can
be
generated
adult
through
gene
reprogramming
with
ectopic
expression
specific
pluripotency
factors.
Advancement
iPS
technology
avoids
destruction
embryos
make
cells,
making
free
ethical
concerns.
iPSCs
self-renew
develop
into
plethora
specialized
useful
resource
medicine
they
may
created
any
human
source.
also
been
used
treat
individuals
infected
SARS-CoV-2
virus.
undergone
more
clinical
trials
than
due
high
tumorigenicity,
trigger
oncogenic
transformation.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
overview
induced
cells.
We
briefly
present
approaches
COVID-19-related
diseases
using
iPSCs.
Cell stem cell,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
28(6), P. 1040 - 1056.e6
Published: April 7, 2021
Classic
embryological
experiments
have
established
that
the
early
mouse
embryo
develops
via
sequential
lineage
bifurcations.
The
first
segregated
is
trophectoderm,
essential
for
blastocyst
formation.
Mouse
naive
epiblast
and
derivative
embryonic
stem
cells
are
restricted
accordingly
from
producing
trophectoderm.
Here
we
show,
in
contrast,
human
readily
make
trophectoderm
descendant
trophoblast
cell
types.
Trophectoderm
was
induced
rapidly
efficiently
by
inhibition
of
ERK/mitogen-activated
protein
kinase
(MAPK)
Nodal
signaling.
Transcriptome
comparison
with
substantiated
direct
formation
subsequent
differentiation
into
syncytiotrophoblast,
cytotrophoblast,
downstream
cells.
During
pluripotency
progression
potential
switches
to
amnion.
Live-cell
tracking
revealed
also
able
produce
Thus,
paradigm
developmental
specification
coupled
restriction
does
not
apply
humans.
Instead,
plasticity
regeneration
retained
until
implantation.
Cell stem cell,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
28(6), P. 1016 - 1022.e4
Published: May 5, 2021
Human
naive
pluripotent
cells
can
differentiate
into
extraembryonic
trophectoderm
and
hypoblast.
Here
we
describe
a
human
embryo
model
(blastoid)
generated
by
self-organization.
Brief
induction
of
leads
to
formation
blastocyst-like
structures
within
3
days.
Blastoids
are
composed
three
tissue
layers
displaying
exclusive
lineage
markers,
mimicking
the
natural
blastocyst.
Single-cell
transcriptome
analyses
confirm
segregation
trophectoderm,
hypoblast,
epiblast
with
high
fidelity
embryo.
This
versatile
scalable
system
provides
robust
experimental
for
research.
Development,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
147(14)
Published: July 15, 2020
Gene
regulatory
networks
and
tissue
morphogenetic
events
drive
the
emergence
of
shape
function:
pillars
embryo
development.
Although
model
systems
offer
a
window
into
molecular
biology
cell
fate
shape,
mechanistic
studies
our
own
development
have
so
far
been
technically
ethically
challenging.
However,
recent
technical
developments
provide
tools
to
describe,
manipulate
mimic
human
embryos
in
dish,
thus
opening
new
avenue
exploring
Here,
I
discuss
evidence
that
supports
role
for
crosstalk
between
during
early
embryogenesis.
This
is
critical
developmental
period,
when
body
plan
laid
out
many
pregnancies
fail.
Dissecting
basic
mechanisms
coordinate
will
generate
an
integrated
understanding
embryogenesis
strategies
therapeutic
intervention
pregnancy
loss.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Sept. 21, 2021
Abstract
Understanding
human
development
is
of
fundamental
biological
and
clinical
importance.
Despite
its
significance,
mechanisms
behind
embryogenesis
remain
largely
unknown.
Here,
we
attempt
to
model
early
embryo
with
expanded
pluripotent
stem
cells
(EPSCs)
in
3-dimensions.
We
define
a
protocol
that
allows
us
generate
self-organizing
cystic
structures
from
EPSCs
display
some
hallmarks
embryogenesis.
These
mimic
polarization
cavitation
characteristic
pre-implantation
leading
blastocyst
morphology
formation
the
transition
post-implantation-like
organization
upon
extended
culture.
Single-cell
RNA
sequencing
these
reveals
subsets
bearing
resemblance
epiblast,
hypoblast
trophectoderm
lineages.
Nevertheless,
significant
divergences
natural
blastocysts
persist
key
markers,
signalling
pathways
point
towards
ways
which
transcriptional-level
cell
identities
may
diverge
models
embryo.
Thus,
this
platform
provides
insights
into
design
