ClimateBench v1.0: A Benchmark for Data‐Driven Climate Projections

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10)

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Abstract Many different emission pathways exist that are compatible with the Paris climate agreement, and many more possible miss target. While some of most complex Earth System Models have simulated a small selection Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, it is impractical to use these expensive models fully explore space possibilities. Such explorations therefore mostly rely on one‐dimensional impulse response models, or simple pattern scaling approaches approximate physical given scenario. Here we present ClimateBench—the first benchmarking framework based suite Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, AerChemMIP Detection‐Attribution Project simulations performed by full complexity Model, set baseline machine learning emulate its variety forcers. These emulators can predict annual mean global distributions temperature, diurnal temperature range precipitation (including extreme precipitation) wide emissions concentrations carbon dioxide, methane aerosols, allowing them efficiently probe previously unexplored scenarios. We discuss accuracy interpretability consider their robustness constraints such as total energy conservation. Future opportunities incorporating directly in using for detection attribution studies also discussed. This opens improve prediction, mathematical tractability. hope laying out principles model emulation clear examples metrics encourage engagement from statisticians specialists keen tackle this important demanding challenge.

Language: Английский

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Membraneless electrolyzers for the production of low-cost, high-purity green hydrogen: A techno-economic analysis

Energy Conversion and Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 254, P. 115156 - 115156

Published: Jan. 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Enhanced CO2 capture potential of UiO-66-NH2 synthesized by sonochemical method: experimental findings and performance evaluation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

The excessive release of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution, has resulted in significant environmental problems all over the world. CO2 capture technologies offer a very effective means combating global warming, climate change, and promoting sustainable economic growth. In this work, UiO-66-NH2 was synthesized by novel sonochemical method only one hour. This material characterized through PXRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, BET, TGA methods. potential presented investigated analysis gas isotherms under varying pressure conditions, encompassing both low high-pressure regions. Remarkably, adsorbent manifested notable augmentation adsorption capacity (3.2 mmol/g), achieving an approximate enhancement 0.9 mmol/g, when compared to conventional solvothermal techniques (2.3 mmol/g) at 25 °C 1 bar. To accurately represent experimental findings, three isotherm, kinetic models were used fit data which Langmuir model Elovich exhibited best with R2 values 0.999 0.981, respectively. Isosteric heat evaluation showed higher than 80 kJ/mol indicates chemisorption between surface adsorbate. Furthermore, selectivity examined using Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST), high value 202 towards simulated flue conditions. evaluate durability performance consecutive adsorption-desorption processes, cyclic tests conducted. Interestingly, these demonstrated 0.6 mmol/g decrease for throughout 8 cycles.

Language: Английский

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Rapidly increasing likelihood of exceeding 50 °C in parts of the Mediterranean and the Middle East due to human influence

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: May 26, 2023

Abstract As the world warms, extremely hot days are becoming more frequent and intense, reaching unprecedented temperatures associated with excess mortality. Here, we assess how anthropogenic forcings affect likelihood of maximum daily above 50 °C at 12 selected locations around Mediterranean Middle East. We adopt a risk-based attribution methodology that utilises climate model simulations without human influence to estimate probability extremes. find all locations, would have been rare or impossible in pre-industrial world, but under human-induced change their is rapidly increasing. At hottest has increased by factor 10–10 3 , whereas end century such extremes could occur every year. All may see 1–2 additional months thermal deaths 2100, which stresses need for effective adaptation planning.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Defect Engineering of Metal Oxides for Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 30, 2024

Abstract Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction technology, capable of converting low‐density solar energy into high‐density chemical energy, stands as a promising approach to alleviate the crisis and achieve carbon neutrality. Semiconductor metal oxides, characterized by their abundant reserves, good stability, easily tunable structures, have found extensive applications in field photocatalysis. However, wide bandgap inherent oxides contributes poor efficiency photocatalytic reduction. Defect engineering presents an effective strategy address these challenges. This paper reviews research progress defect enhance performance summarizing classifications, preparation methods, characterization techniques. The focus is on engineering, represented vacancies doping, for improving oxide photocatalysts. includes advancements expanding photoresponse range, enhancing photogenerated charge separation, promoting molecule activation. Finally, provides summary current issues challenges faced along with prospective outlook future development technology.

Language: Английский

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