Soil hydrology in the Earth system

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(9), P. 573 - 587

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Overcoming Global Food Security Challenges through Science and Solidarity

American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 422 - 447

Published: Oct. 27, 2020

The world faces formidable, but manageable, challenges in achieving food security a growing beyond 9 billion people the coming decades. Five big will necessitate shifting innovation strategy to place greater emphasis on sustainable increases diet quality, total factor productivity ‐ not just crop yield growth, social protection programs, Africa, post‐farmgate agri‐food value chains, risk management, and reducing land water footprint of production. We must be progressive both senses term, having faith science as an engine societal advance, standing with marginalized populations.

Language: Английский

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Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 617 - 648

Published: May 20, 2022

Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and leaf CO 2 assimilation ( A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, modern crop canopies several layers, light rarely constant, majority leaves experience marked fluctuations throughout day. It takes minutes photosynthesis to regain efficiency both sun-shade shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10–40% assimilation. Transgenic manipulations accelerate adjustment transitions already shown substantial productivity increase field trials. Here, we explore means these adjustments minimize losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, exploitation natural variation. Measurement andanalysis are explained. Factors limiting speeds how they could be modified effect improved reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, stomatal responses.

Language: Английский

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The 2023 state of the climate report: Entering uncharted territory

BioScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73(12), P. 841 - 850

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Adapting agriculture to climate change via sustainable irrigation: biophysical potentials and feedbacks

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 063008 - 063008

Published: May 27, 2022

Abstract Irrigated agriculture accounts for ∼90% of anthropogenic freshwater consumption, is deployed on 22% cultivated land, and provides 40% global food production. Expanding irrigation onto currently underperforming rainfed croplands crucial to meet future demand without further agricultural expansion associated encroachment natural ecosystems. Establishing also a potential climate adaptation solution alleviate heat- water-stress crops reduce variability extremes. Despite being one the land management practices with largest environmental hydroclimatic impacts, role adapt change achieve sustainability goals has just started be quantified. This study reviews biophysical opportunities feedbacks ‘sustainable irrigation’. I describe concept sustainable expansion—where there are increase productivity over water-limited by adopting that do not deplete stocks impair aquatic may avert but create additional externalities often neglected. review highlights major gaps in analysis understanding change. implications (a) security, (b) conditions, (c) water quality, (d) soil salinization, (e) storage infrastructure, (f) energy use. These help explain challenges achieving irrigated thus point toward solutions research needs.

Language: Английский

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Extreme weather events cause significant crop yield losses at the farm level in German agriculture

Food Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 102359 - 102359

Published: Sept. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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Breeding for disease resistance in soybean: a global perspective

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 135(11), P. 3773 - 3872

Published: July 5, 2022

Abstract Key message This review provides a comprehensive atlas of QTLs, genes, and alleles conferring resistance to 28 important diseases in all major soybean production regions the world. Breeding disease-resistant [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties is common goal for breeding programs ensure sustainability growth worldwide. However, due global climate change, breeders are facing strong challenges defeat diseases. Marker-assisted selection genomic have been demonstrated be successful methods quickly integrating vertical or horizontal into improved varieties, where refers R genes effect combination minor QTLs. summarized more than 800 resistant loci/alleles their tightly linked markers worldwide, caused by nematodes, oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, viruses. The breakthroughs discovery disease gene were also emphasized which include: (1) identification characterization reside rhg1 Rhg4 cyst nematode, exploration underlying regulation mechanisms through copy number variation (2) map-based cloning Rps11 80% isolates Phytophthora sojae across USA. In this review, we highlight validated QTLs overlapping from at least two studies applied consistent naming nomenclature these Our summary genes/QTLs can used as toolbox improvement. Finally, genetic knowledge sheds light on future directions accelerated translational genomics studies.

Language: Английский

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How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 1995 - 1995

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in shade urbanization global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, yield cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario conditions, respond such through highly balanced finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The initiate quick release reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at cellular level. ROS includes both free radicals {superoxide (O2•−) hydroxyl (OH−)} well non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) singlet (1O2)]. can be generated scavenged cell organelles cytoplasm depending on type stimulus. At high concentrations, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, necrosis, but low moderate they play crucial role secondary messengers intracellular cascades. Because their concentration-dependent dual role, huge number molecules tightly control level cells. have evolved antioxidants scavenging machinery equipped with enzymes maintain equilibrium production detoxification stress. present article, we focused current insights generation Moreover, article will act knowledge base for new pivotal studies scavenging.

Language: Английский

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Agroecology for a Sustainable Agriculture and Food System: From Local Solutions to Large-Scale Adoption

Annual Review of Resource Economics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 351 - 381

Published: July 12, 2023

Agroecology is often considered as the ultimate and most comprehensive solution to many challenges of agricultural food system, also referred agri-food system. This review investigates what extent agroecology can become mainstream model for transforming agriculture toward more sustainable resilient systems within given economic political context. We find that enhancing will require a fully integrated multiscale approach from farm region globe. The must consider relevant processes relationships, actors stakeholders well drivers, sustainability indicators, respective assessment methods across all scales. Giving specific attention drivers related economy, technology, policy we point out needs be economically viable farmers other system actors. In particular, new emerging technologies digitalization breeding should consideration in agroecological transformation. stress need an analytical operational framework adequate design suggest six areas needed support large-scale adoption agroecology.

Language: Английский

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A Review on the Observed Climate Change in Europe and Its Impacts on Viticulture

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 837 - 837

Published: May 20, 2022

The European climate is changing displaying profound impacts on agriculture, thus strongly reaching the scientific community’s attention. In this review, compilation of selected research agroclimatic conditions’ changes and their impact productivity parameters (phenology timing, product quality quantity) grapevines spatiotemporal characteristics viticultural areas are attempted for first time. For purpose, a thorough investigation through multiple search queries was conducted period (2005–2021). Overall, increasing (decreasing) trends in critical temperature (precipitation) reality recent past with visible viticulture. observed warming already enforces emerging phenomena related to modification developmental rate (earlier phenological events, shortening intervals, lengthening growing season, earlier harvest), alteration quality, heterogeneous effects grapevine yield emergence new cool-climate viticulture highlighting cultivation’s rebirth northern central parts continent. vulnerability wine-growing ecosystem urges integration innovative sustainable solutions confronting change safeguarding production (quantity quality) capacity systems Europe under continuously environment.

Language: Английский

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