Triggers of tree mortality under drought

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 558(7711), P. 531 - 539

Published: June 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6494)

Published: May 28, 2020

Forest dynamics arise from the interplay of environmental drivers and disturbances with demographic processes recruitment, growth, mortality, subsequently driving biomass species composition. However, forest subsequent recovery are shifting global changes in climate land use, altering these dynamics. Changes drivers, disturbance regimes forcing forests toward younger, shorter stands. Rising carbon dioxide, acclimation, adaptation, migration can influence impacts. Recent developments Earth system models support increasingly realistic simulations vegetation In parallel, emerging remote sensing datasets promise qualitatively new more abundant data on underlying consequences for structure. When combined, advances hold improving scientific understanding demographics disturbances.

Language: Английский

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A first assessment of the impact of the extreme 2018 summer drought on Central European forests

Basic and Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 86 - 103

Published: April 29, 2020

In 2018, Central Europe experienced one of the most severe and long-lasting summer drought heat wave ever recorded. Before 2003 millennial was often invoked as example a "hotter drought", classified event in for last 500 years. First insights now confirm that 2018 climatically more extreme had greater impact on forest ecosystems Austria, Germany Switzerland than drought. Across this region, mean growing season air temperature from April to October 3.3°C above long-term average, 1.2°C warmer 2003. Here, we present first assessment heatwave European forests. response event, ecologically economically important tree species temperate forests showed signs stress. These symptoms included exceptionally low foliar water potentials crossing threshold xylem hydraulic failure many observations widespread leaf discoloration premature shedding. As result stress, caused unprecedented drought-induced mortality throughout region. Moreover, unexpectedly strong drought-legacy effects were detected 2019. This implies physiological recovery trees impaired after leaving them highly vulnerable secondary impacts such insect or fungal pathogen attacks. consequence, triggered by events is likely continue several Our indicates common are waves previously thought. occur frequently with progression climate change, might approach point substantial ecological economic transition. also highlights urgent need pan-European ground-based monitoring network suited track individual mortality, supported remote sensing products high spatial temporal resolution track, analyse forecast these transitions.

Language: Английский

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Hanging by a thread? Forests and drought

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6488), P. 261 - 266

Published: April 16, 2020

Trees are the living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built. Central to success of trees their woody bodies, connect elevated photosynthetic canopies with essential belowground activities water and nutrient acquisition. The slow construction these carbon-dense, skeletons leads a generation time, leaving forests highly susceptible rapid changes in climate. Other long-lived, sessile organisms such as corals appear be poorly equipped survive changes, raises questions about vulnerability contemporary future climate change. emerging view that, similar corals, tree species have rather inflexible damage thresholds, particularly terms stress, especially concerning. This Review examines recent progress our understanding how looks for growing hotter drier atmosphere.

Language: Английский

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Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6497)

Published: June 18, 2020

Risks to mitigation potential of forests Much recent attention has focused on the trees and mitigate ongoing climate change by acting as sinks for carbon. Anderegg et al. review growing evidence that forests' is increasingly at risk from a range adversities limit forest growth health. These include physical factors such drought fire biotic factors, including depredations insect herbivores fungal pathogens. Full assessment quantification these risks, which themselves are influenced climate, key achieving science-based policy outcomes effective land management. Science , this issue p. eaaz7005

Language: Английский

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A review of environmental droughts: Increased risk under global warming?

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 201, P. 102953 - 102953

Published: Sept. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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Drivers and mechanisms of tree mortality in moist tropical forests

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 219(3), P. 851 - 869

Published: Feb. 16, 2018

Tree mortality rates appear to be increasing in moist tropical forests (MTFs) with significant carbon cycle consequences. Here, we review the state of knowledge regarding MTF tree mortality, create a conceptual framework testable hypotheses drivers, mechanisms and interactions that may underlie rates, identify next steps for improved understanding reduced prediction. Increasing are associated rising temperature vapor pressure deficit, liana abundance, drought, wind events, fire and, possibly, CO2 fertilization-induced increases stand thinning or acceleration trees reaching larger, more vulnerable heights. The majority these drivers kill part through starvation hydraulic failure. relative importance each driver is unknown. High species diversity buffer MTFs against large-scale but recent expected trends give reason concern within MTFs. Models advancing representation hydraulics, demography, require empirical most common their subsequent mechanisms. We outline critical datasets model developments required test underlying causes improve prediction future under climate change. Contents Summary 852 I. Introduction II. Amazon Basin 854 III. Global regional 855 IV. On coupling 859 V. Mitigating factors promote survival VI. ESM simulations VII. Next 860 VIII. Conclusions 863 Acknowledgements ORCID References

Language: Английский

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How do stomata respond to water status?

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 224(1), P. 21 - 36

Published: May 9, 2019

Summary Stomatal responses to humidity, soil moisture and other factors that influence plant water status are critical drivers of photosynthesis, productivity, yield, ecohydrology climate forcing, yet we still lack a thorough mechanistic understanding these responses. Here I review historical recent advances in stomatal relations. Clear evidence now implicates metabolically mediated response leaf (‘hydroactive feedback’) evaporative demand drought, possibly involving abscisic acid production leaves. Other hypothetical mechanisms vapor heat transport within leaves may contribute light temperature responses, but require further theoretical clarification experimental validation. Variation dynamics hydraulic conductance, particularly leaves, Continuing research fully resolve should focus on several areas: validating quantifying the mechanism leaf‐based hydroactive feedback, identifying where is actively sensed, clarifying role energy humidity verifying foundational minimally replicated results hydromechanics across species. Clarity matters promises deliver modelers with tractable reliable model status.

Language: Английский

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Research frontiers for improving our understanding of drought‐induced tree and forest mortality

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 218(1), P. 15 - 28

Published: Feb. 28, 2018

Summary Accumulating evidence highlights increased mortality risks for trees during severe drought, particularly under warmer temperatures and increasing vapour pressure deficit ( VPD ). Resulting forest die‐off events have consequences ecosystem services, biophysical biogeochemical land–atmosphere processes. Despite advances in monitoring, modelling experimental studies of the causes tree death from individual to global scale, a general mechanistic understanding realistic predictions drought future climate conditions are still lacking. We update map present roadmap more holistic across scales. highlight priority research frontiers that promote: (1) new avenues on key ecophysiological responses drought; (2) scaling tree/plot level region; (3) improvements risk based both empirical insights; (4) monitoring network mortality. In light recent anticipated large such agenda is timely needed achieve scientific drought‐induced The implementation sustainable will require support by stakeholders political authorities at international level.

Language: Английский

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Twentieth century redistribution in climatic drivers of global tree growth

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2019

Water availability and demand are becoming the dominant limitations of tree growth across boreal temperate zones.

Language: Английский

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