Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6642)

Published: April 20, 2023

Earth's biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social economic inequalities, habitat loss, many which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, society develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C effectively conserving restoring functional ecosystems on 30 50% land, freshwater, ocean "scapes." We envision mosaic interconnected protected shared spaces, including intensively used strengthen self-sustaining the capacity people nature adapt mitigate change, nature's contributions people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, planetary health for livable future urgently requires bold implementation transformative policy interventions through institutions, governance, systems from local global levels.

Language: Английский

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Countries’ differentiated responsibilities to fulfill area-based conservation targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

One Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 548 - 559

Published: May 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Indigenous Peoples’ lands are threatened by industrial development; conversion risk assessment reveals need to support Indigenous stewardship

One Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1032 - 1049

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Indigenous Peoples are custodians of many the world's least-exploited natural areas. These places local and global socio-ecological importance face significant threats from industrial development expansion, but risk conversion these lands remains unclear. Here we combine datasets Peoples' lands, their current ecological condition, future pressure to assess threats. To vulnerability conversion, create an index based on indicators strength security rights territories resources, representation engagement in decisions impacting them, capital available support conservation sustainable development. We find that nearly 60% (22.7 million km2) threatened 64 countries. Among 37 countries with highest threat, socio-economic political vulnerabilities increase risk, particularly limited recognition protection territorial rights. suggest strategies actions bolster self-determination, rights, leadership reduce this foster well-being.

Language: Английский

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Mapping the planet’s critical areas for biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Meeting global commitments to conservation, climate, and sustainable development requires consideration of synergies tradeoffs among targets. We evaluate the spatial congruence ecosystems providing globally high levels nature’s contributions people, biodiversity, areas with potential across several sectors. find that conserving approximately half land area through protection or management could provide 90% current ten people meet minimum representation targets for 26,709 terrestrial vertebrate species. This finding supports recent by national governments under Global Biodiversity Framework conserve at least 30% lands waters, proposals Earth. More than one-third required species are also highly suitable agriculture, renewable energy, oil gas, mining, urban expansion. indicates conflicts climate goals.

Language: Английский

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The global distribution of plants used by humans

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6680), P. 293 - 297

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Plants sustain human life. Understanding geographic patterns of the diversity species used by people is thus essential for sustainable management plant resources. Here, we investigate global distribution 35,687 utilized spanning 10 use categories (e.g., food, medicine, material). Our findings indicate general concordance between and total diversity, supporting potential simultaneously conserving its contributions to people. Although Indigenous lands across Mesoamerica, Horn Africa, Southern Asia harbor a disproportionate plants, incidence protected areas negatively correlated with richness. Finding mechanisms preserve containing concentrations plants traditional knowledge must become priority implementation Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Language: Английский

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Priorities for protected area expansion so nations can meet their Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework commitments

Integrative Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 140 - 155

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract As part of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (K‐M GBF), signatory nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aim to protect at least 30% planet by 2030 (Target 3). This bold ambition has been widely celebrated and its implementation seen as pivotal for overall success K‐M GBF. However, given that many CBD prioritised quantity (e.g., area) over quality important areas biodiversity) when attempting meet their 2010 Aichi protected area commitments, it is critical focus protecting those terrestrial, inland waters marine have best chance halting reversing biodiversity loss thus contribute Goal A Here we provide a review type need prioritise implementing Target 3 relates ‘quality’: particular importance ecosystem functions services, are effectively conserved managed through ecologically representative, well‐connected equitably governed systems . We show data available 12 distinct conservation service elements can be mapped and, if conserved, will (with appropriate management) help broad intention 3. highlight examples planning methods utilized so these targeted protection. discuss issues related trade‐offs regarding how amongst them well operationalise some vaguer concepts like ‘representation’ ‘ecosystem services’ they achieve outcomes biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Social considerations are crucial to success in implementing the 30×30 global conservation target

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 784 - 785

Published: April 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Investing in nature can improve equity and economic returns

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(27)

Published: June 26, 2023

Sustainable development requires jointly achieving economic to raise standards of living and environmental sustainability secure these gains for the long run. Here, we develop a local-to-global, global-to-local, earth-economy model that integrates Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP)-computable general equilibrium economy with Integrated Valuation Ecosystem Services Tradeoffs (InVEST) fine-scale, spatially explicit ecosystem services. The integrated model, GTAP-InVEST, determines land use, conditions, services, market prices, supply demand across sectors, trade regions, aggregate performance metrics like GDP. We use analyze contribution investing in nature prosperity, accounting impact four important services (pollination, timber provision, marine fisheries, carbon sequestration). show investments result large improvements relative business-as-usual path, accruing annual $100 $350 billion (2014 USD) largest percentage lowest-income countries. Our estimates include only small subset could be far higher inclusion more incorporation ecological tipping points, reduction substitutability limits adjustments declines natural capital. analysis highlights need improved environmental-economic modeling vital importance integrating information firmly into policy. benefits doing so are potentially very large, greatest inhabitants poorest

Language: Английский

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The role of high-biodiversity regions in preserving Nature’s Contributions to People

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 1385 - 1393

Published: July 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Emerging technologies for assessing ecosystem services: A synthesis of opportunities and challenges

Ecosystem Services, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 101558 - 101558

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Rapid technological development opens up new opportunities for assessing ecosystem services (ES), which may help to overcome current knowledge gaps and limitations in data availability. At the same time, emerging technologies, such as mobile devices, social media platforms, artificial intelligence, give rise a series of challenges limitations. This study provides comprehensive overview broad range technologies that are increasingly used collecting, analyzing, visualizing on ES, including Earth observation, science, modeling/simulation, immersive visualization, web-based tools. To identify challenges, we systematically reviewed literature ES last 10 years (2012–2022). We first describe state-of-the-art synthesizing their applicability, opportunities, Then, discuss open issues, future research needs, potential further applications research. Our findings indicate great increase thanks low costs, high availability, flexibility technologies. also find strong support decision-making, learning communication. However, related accuracy variables models, accessibility data, information well ethical concerns need be addressed by community assure an inclusive meaningful use suggest insights into achieved through better integration different future, e.g., stronger transdisciplinary collaboration advance broadening perspective developments other fields

Language: Английский

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