Polar oceans and sea ice in a changing climate DOI Creative Commons
Megan D. Willis, Delphine Lannuzel, Brent Else

et al.

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Polar oceans and sea ice cover 15% of the Earth’s ocean surface, environment is changing rapidly at both poles. Improving knowledge on interactions between atmospheric oceanic realms in polar regions, a Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) project key focus, essential to understanding Earth system context climate change. However, our ability monitor pace magnitude changes regions evaluate their impacts for rest globe limited by remoteness sea-ice coverage. Sea not only supports biological activity mediates gas aerosol exchange but can also hinder some in-situ remote sensing observations. While satellite provides baseline record properties extent, these techniques cannot provide variables within below ice. Recent robotics, modeling, measurement advances have opened new possibilities ocean–sea ice–atmosphere system, critical gaps remain. Seasonal long-term observations are clearly lacking across all phases. Observational modeling efforts sea-ice, ocean, domains must be better linked achieve system-level environments. As warming becoming thinner more ephemeral than before, dramatic over suite physicochemical biogeochemical processes expected, if already underway. These conditions will affect modifying production aerosols, precursors, reactive halogens oxidants, greenhouse gases. Quantifying which enhanced or reduced change calls tailored monitoring programs high-latitude Open questions this coupled best resolved leveraging ongoing international multidisciplinary programs, such as led SOLAS, link research interface.

Language: Английский

Iodine oxoacids enhance nucleation of sulfuric acid particles in the atmosphere DOI Open Access
Xu‐Cheng He, Mario Simon, Siddharth Iyer

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 382(6676), P. 1308 - 1314

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H2SO4), stabilized by ammonia (NH3). However, marine and polar regions, NH3 generally low, H2SO4 frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIOx, i.e., iodic (HIO3) iodous (HIO2)]. In experiments performed CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we investigated interplay of HIOx during atmospheric particle nucleation. We that greatly enhances H2SO4(-NH3) nucleation through two different interactions. First, HIO3 strongly binds charged clusters so they drive synergistically. Second, HIO2 substitutes for NH3, forming bound H2SO4-HIO2 acid-base pairs molecular clusters. Global observations imply enhancing rates 10- 10,000-fold regions.

Language: Английский

Citations

40
Significant contributions of trimethylamine to sulfuric acid nucleation in polluted environments DOI Creative Commons
Runlong Cai, Rujing Yin, Xue Li

et al.

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: June 27, 2023

Abstract As one of the least understood aerosol processes, nucleation can be a dominant source atmospheric aerosols. Sulfuric acid (SA)-amine binary with dimethylamine (DMA) has been recognized as governing mechanism in polluted continental boundary layer. Here we demonstrate importance trimethylamine (TMA) for complex atmosphere and propose molecular-level SA-DMA-TMA ternary an improvement upon conventional mechanism. Using proposed mechanism, could connect gaseous amines to SA-amine cluster signals measured urban Beijing. Results show that TMA accelerate SA-DMA-based new particle formation Beijing by 50–100%. Considering global abundance DMA, our findings imply comparable DMA layer, probably higher contributions from rural environments future controlled emissions.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Enhancement of Atmospheric Nucleation Precursors on Iodic Acid-Induced Nucleation: Predictive Model and Mechanism DOI Creative Commons
Fangfang Ma, Hong‐Bin Xie, Rongjie Zhang

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(17), P. 6944 - 6954

Published: April 21, 2023

Iodic acid (IA) has recently been recognized as a key driver for new particle formation (NPF) in marine atmospheres. However, the knowledge of which atmospheric vapors can enhance IA-induced NPF remains limited. The unique halogen bond (XB)-forming capacity IA makes it difficult to evaluate enhancing potential (EP) target compounds on based widely studied sulfuric systems. Herein, we employed three-step procedure EP nucleation precursors NPF. First, evaluated 63 by simulating free energies (ΔG) IA-containing dimer clusters. Among all clusters, 44 contained XBs, demonstrating that XBs are frequently formed. Based calculated ΔG values, quantitative structure–activity relationship model was developed evaluating other precursors. Second, amines and O/S-atom-containing acids were found have high EP, with diethylamine (DEA) yielding highest combining both concentration considered Finally, studying larger (IA)1–3(DEA)1–3 IA-DEA system merely 0.1 ppt (2.5×106 cm–3) DEA yields comparable rates IA–iodous system.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Atmospheric new particle formation from the CERN CLOUD experiment DOI
J. Kirkby, A. Amorim, Urs Baltensperger

et al.

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 948 - 957

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Multiple eco-regions contribute to the seasonal cycle of Antarctic aerosol size distributions DOI Creative Commons
James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Eija Asmi

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1145 - 1162

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract. In order to reduce the uncertainty of aerosol radiative forcing in global climate models, we need better understand natural sources which are important constrain current and pre-industrial climate. Here, analyse particle number size distributions (PNSDs) collected during a year (2015) across four coastal inland Antarctic research bases (Halley, Marambio, Dome C King Sejong). We utilise k-means cluster analysis separate PNSD data into six main categories. “Nucleation” “bursting” PNSDs occur 28 %–48 % time between sites, most commonly at sites Marambio Sejong where air masses mostly come from west travel over extensive regions sea ice, marginal ice open ocean likely arise new formation. “Aitken high”, low” “bimodal” 37 %–68 time, on Plateau, atmospheric transport ageing originating both boundary layer free troposphere. “Pristine” with low concentrations 12 %–45 Halley, located altitudes far melting influenced by west. Not only spray primary aerosols gas secondary sources, but also different impacting stations should be kept mind when deliberating upon precursor stations. infer that components pelagic sympagic strongly contribute annual seasonal cycle aerosols. Our simultaneous measurements stress importance variation biogeochemistry region.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Atmospheric aerosol spatial variability: Impacts on air quality and climate change DOI Creative Commons

Stella E. I. Manavi,

Andreas Aktypis,

Evangelia Siouti

et al.

One Earth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 101237 - 101237

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Low‐Volatility Vapors and New Particle Formation Over the Southern Ocean During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition DOI Creative Commons
Andrea Baccarini, Josef Dommen, Katrianne Lehtipalo

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126(22)

Published: Oct. 16, 2021

Abstract During summer, the Southern Ocean is largely unaffected by anthropogenic emissions, which makes this region an ideal place to investigate marine natural aerosol sources and processes. A better understanding of key constrain preindustrial state reduce radiative forcing uncertainty in global climate models. We report concentrations gaseous sulfuric acid, iodic methanesulfonic acid (MSA) together with a characterization new particle formation (NPF) events over large stretch Ocean. Measurements were conducted on board Russian icebreaker Akademik Tryoshnikov from January March 2017. Iodic characterized particular diurnal cycle reduced concentration around noon, suggesting lower yield when solar irradiance higher. Gaseous MSA does not have measured gas condensed phase are compatible species being primarily produced via heterogeneous oxidation dimethyl sulfide subsequent partitioning into phase. also found that NPF boundary layer mainly driven but it occurred very rarely vast geographical area probed did contribute cloud condensation nuclei budget directly observable manner. Despite near absence layer, Aitken mode particles frequently measured, supporting hypothesis free tropospheric source. participate nucleation, however, may growth aqueous

Language: Английский

Citations

50
DMS emissions from the Arctic marginal ice zone DOI Creative Commons
Martí Galí, Martine Lizotte, David J. Kieber

et al.

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) can be prolific dimethylsulfide (DMS) producers, thereby influencing regional aerosol formation and cloud radiative forcing. Here we describe distribution of DMS its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) across Baffin Bay receding edge early summer 2016. Overall, total DMSP (DMSPt) increased towards warmer waters Atlantic origin concurrently with more advanced ice-melt bloom stages. Relatively high DMSPt (medians 6.3 70 nM, respectively) were observed surface layer (0–9 m depth), very values (reaching 74 524 at subsurface biomass maximum (15–30 depth). Microscopic pigment analyses indicated that peaks associated Phaeocystis pouchetii, which bloomed Atlantic-influenced reached unprecedented levels Bay. In waters, concentrations DMS:DMSPt ratios higher MIZ 12 nM 0.15, than fully ice-covered or ice-free conditions, potentially enhanced phytoplanktonic release bacterial cleavage (high dddP:dmdA gene ratios). Mean sea–air fluxes (µmol m–2 d–1) from 0.3 to 10 open (maximum 26) owing concurrent trends near-surface physical drivers gas exchange. Using remotely sensed sea-ice coverage a compilation flux data, estimated pan-Arctic emission (EDMS, MIZ) was 5–13 Gg S yr–1. North 80°N, EDMS, might have by around ± 4% yr–1 between 2003 2014, likely exceeding open-water emissions June July. We conclude must taken into account evaluate plankton-climate feedbacks Arctic.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Understanding Sources and Drivers of Size-Resolved Aerosol in the High Arctic Islands of Svalbard Using a Receptor Model Coupled with Machine Learning DOI Creative Commons
Congbo Song, Silvia Becagli, David C. S. Beddows

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(16), P. 11189 - 11198

Published: July 25, 2022

Atmospheric aerosols are important drivers of Arctic climate change through aerosol–cloud–climate interactions. However, large uncertainties remain on the sources and processes controlling particle numbers in both fine coarse modes. Here, we applied a receptor model an explainable machine learning technique to understand from 10 nm 20 μm Svalbard. Nucleation, biogenic, secondary, anthropogenic, mineral dust, sea salt blowing snow their major environmental were identified. Our results show that monthly variations particles highly size/source dependent regulated by meteorology. Secondary nucleation largest contributors potential cloud condensation nuclei (CCN, number with diameter larger than 40 as proxy) Arctic. Nonlinear responses temperature found for local dust CCN, highlighting importance melting ice snow. These indicate aerosol factors will respond rapid warming differently nonlinear fashion.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Sea Ice Microbiota in the Antarctic Peninsula Modulates Cloud-Relevant Sea Spray Aerosol Production DOI Creative Commons

Manuel Dall’Osto,

Dolors Vaqué, Ana Sotomayor-García

et al.

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 16, 2022

Sea spray aerosol (SSA) formation plays a major role in the climate system. The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is affected by greatest warming occurring Southern Ocean; changes cryospheric and biological processes are being observed. Whilst there some evidence that organic material produced ice algae and/or phytoplankton high Arctic contributes to SSA, less known about (sympagic) regions. To gain insight into influence of biology biogeochemistry on atmospheric aerosol, we report simultaneous water-air measurements made means situ chamber experiments. For first time, present methodology showing controlled plunging jet settings do not cause cell disruption studied sea ecosystems. Larger cells (>20 µm; mainly diatoms) tend sediment at bottom (during 24h experiment) likely have minor SSA production. When comparing four experiments - find two producing more ones with highest abundance nanophytoplankton (<20 nanoflagellates) as well viruses. Our marine biogeochemical data show broad groups dissolved carbon: one rich carbohydrates proteic humic-like substances; latter enhancing This work provides unique insights productivity modulates production, potentially significant impacts. Further studies these types advised order see how microbiology impacts cycling elements aerosols formed processed cold

Language: Английский

Citations

34