Deterministic and probabilistic regularities underlying risky choices are acquired in a changing decision context

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Abstract Predictions supporting risky decisions could become unreliable when outcome probabilities temporarily change, making adaptation more challenging. Therefore, this study investigated whether sensitivity to the temporal structure in can develop and remain persistent a changing decision environment. In variant of Balloon Analogue Risk Task with 90 balloons, outcomes (rewards or balloon bursts) were predictable task’s first final 30 balloons unpredictable middle balloons. The regularity underlying differed across three experimental conditions. deterministic condition, repeating three-element sequence dictated maximum number pumps before burst. probabilistic single ensured that burst probability increased as function pumps. hybrid different regularities probabilities. every was absent Participants not informed about presence absence regularity. Sensitivity both emerged influenced risk taking. Unpredictable phase did deteriorate sensitivity. conclusion, humans adapt their choices environment by exploiting statistical controls how changes.

Language: Английский

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The energy metabolic footprint of predictive processing in the human brain

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 9, 2023

Abstract Neural activity is a highly energy-intensive process. In the human brain, signaling consumes up to 75% of available energy resources with postsynaptic potentials as largest factor. Visual processing especially costly, increases in consumption 20% visual cortex. recent years, vision has been cast constructive process, harnessing prior knowledge constant feedback loop top-down prediction and bottom-up sensory input. Interestingly, input that line our predictions might be processed at lower metabolic cost. However, there no evidence for this claim yet, possibly due scarcity measures quantify brain. Here, we used novel MR method measuring cerebral rate oxygen during stimulation sequences varied their predictability. Since predictive driven by estimates uncertainty, assessed how confident subjects were underlying patterns. We found predictable steeply decreased energetic cost increasing confidence. Strikingly, these effects not limited areas, summing cortical difference 13% between high low levels Furthermore, deviating from expectations energetically cheaper than ones confidence levels, but costlier levels. These results speak major role balancing brain’s budget emphasize impact interindividual differences when learning

Language: Английский

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A Process-Oriented View of Procedural Memory Can Help Better Understand Tourette’s Syndrome

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 10, 2021

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive movements and vocalizations, also known as tics. The phenomenology of tics the underlying neurobiology have suggested that altered functioning procedural memory system might contribute to its etiology. However, contrary robust findings impaired in disorders language, results from TS been somewhat mixed. We review previous studies field note they reported normal, impaired, even enhanced performance. These mixed may be at least partially explained diversity samples both age tic severity, vast array tasks used, low sample sizes, possible confounding effects other cognitive functions, such executive working or attention. we propose another often overlooked factor could findings, namely multiprocess nature itself. process-oriented view functions serve theoretical framework help integrate these varied findings. discuss evidence suggesting heterogeneity neural regions their functional contributions memory. Our can deepen our understanding complex profile atypical development general.

Language: Английский

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Structure transfer and consolidation in visual implicit learning

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract Transfer learning, the re-application of previously learned higher-level regularities to novel input, is a key challenge in cognition. While previous empirical studies investigated human transfer learning supervised or reinforcement for explicit knowledge, it unknown whether such occurs during naturally more common implicit and unsupervised and, if so, how related memory consolidation. We compared newly acquired abstract knowledge by extending visual statistical paradigm context. found but with important differences depending on explicitness/implicitness knowledge. Observers acquiring initial could structures immediately. In contrast, observers same amount showed opposite effect, structural interference transfer. However, sleep between phases, observers, while still remaining implicit, switched their behaviour pattern as did. This effect was specific not after non-sleep Our results highlight similarities generalizable relying consolidation restructuring internal representations.

Language: Английский

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The psychological arrow of time drives temporal asymmetries in inferring unobserved past and future events

Published: May 11, 2022

How much can we infer about the past and future, given our knowledge of present? Unlike temporally symmetric inferences simple sequences, own lives are asymmetric: better able to than since remember but not future (i.e., psychological arrow time). What happens when both unobserved, as make other people’s lives? We had participants in two experiments view segments character-driven television dramas. They wrote out what would happen just before or after each just-watched segment. Participants were at inferring (versus future) events. This asymmetry was driven by participants’ reliance on characters’ conversational references narrative, which tended favor past. also carried a meta analysis estimate prevalence temporal asymmetries versus hundreds millions dialogues from shows, popular movies, novels, written spoken natural conversations. found that, average, 1.45 times more prevalent human conversations future. Our work reveals how observations behaviors inform us

Language: Английский

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