Recent Advances in Design of Electrocatalysts for High‐Current‐Density Water Splitting

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(16)

Published: Dec. 4, 2021

Abstract Electrochemical water splitting technology for producing “green hydrogen” is important the global mission of carbon neutrality. Electrocatalysts with decent performance at high current densities play a central role in industrial implementation this technology. This field has advanced immensely recent years, as witnessed by many types catalysts designed and synthesized toward industriallyrelevant (>200 mA cm –2 ). By discussing advances field, several key aspects are summarized that affect catalytic high‐current‐density electrocatalysis, including dimensionality catalysts, surface chemistry, electron transport path, morphology, catalyst‐electrolyte interplay. The multiscale design strategy considers these comprehensively developing electrocatalysts highlighted. perspectives on future directions emerging also put forward.

Language: Английский

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Energy-saving hydrogen production by chlorine-free hybrid seawater splitting coupling hydrazine degradation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 7, 2021

Abstract Seawater electrolysis represents a potential solution to grid-scale production of carbon-neutral hydrogen energy without reliance on freshwater. However, it is challenged by high costs and detrimental chlorine chemistry in complex chemical environments. Here we demonstrate chlorine-free hybrid seawater splitting coupling hydrazine degradation. It yields at rate 9.2 mol h –1 g cat NiCo/MXene-based electrodes with low electricity expense 2.75 kWh per m 3 H 2 500 mA cm –2 48% lower equivalent input relative commercial alkaline water electrolysis. Chlorine electrochemistry avoided cell voltages anode protection regardless Cl – crossover. This electrolyzer meanwhile enables fast degradation ~3 ppb residual. Self-powered realized integrating low-voltage direct fuel cells or solar cells. These findings enable further opportunities for efficient conversion ocean resources while removing harmful pollutants.

Language: Английский

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Stable and Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Seawater Enabled by an Unsaturated Nickel Surface Nitride

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(13)

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

Abstract Electrocatalytic production of hydrogen from seawater provides a route to low‐cost and clean energy conversion. However, the evolution reaction (HER) using is greatly hindered by lack active stable catalysts. Herein, an unsaturated nickel surface nitride (Ni‐SN@C) catalyst that for HER in alkaline prepared. It achieves low overpotential 23 mV at current density 10 mA cm −2 electrolyte, which superior Pt/C. Compared conventional transition metal nitrides or metal/metal heterostructures, Ni‐SN@C has no detectable bulk phase. Instead, NiN bonding on present. In situ Raman measurements show performs like Pt with ability generate hydronium ions high‐pH electrolyte. The operation then demonstrated two‐electrode electrolyzer system, coupling hydrazine oxidation anode. Using this cell voltage only 0.7 V required achieve 1 A .

Language: Английский

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Single Atom Ruthenium‐Doped CoP/CDs Nanosheets via Splicing of Carbon‐Dots for Robust Hydrogen Production

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60(13), P. 7234 - 7244

Published: Jan. 15, 2021

Abstract Ultrathin two‐dimensional catalysts are attracting attention in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This work describe a composite material design which CoP nanoparticles doped with Ru single‐atom sites supported on carbon dots (CDs) single‐layer nanosheets formed by splicing CDs (Ru 1 CoP/CDs). Small CD fragments bore abundant functional groups, analogous to pieces jigsaw puzzle, and could provide high density binding immobilize CoP. The single‐particle‐thick acted as supports, improved conductivity electrocatalyst stability catalyst during operation. CoP/CDs from doping atomic dispersed showed very efficiency for evolution reaction (HER) over wide pH range. prepared under optimized conditions displayed outstanding activity: overpotential HER at current 10 mA cm −2 was low 51 49 mV alkaline acidic conditions, respectively. Density theory calculations that substituted single atoms lowered proton‐coupled electron transfer energy barrier promoted H−H bond formation, thereby enhancing catalytic performance HER. findings open new avenue developing carbon‐based hybridization materials integrated water splitting.

Language: Английский

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Strategies and Perspectives to Catch the Missing Pieces in Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 60(35), P. 18981 - 19006

Published: Jan. 10, 2021

Transition metal hydroxides (M-OH) and their heterostructures (X|M-OH, where X can be a metal, oxide, chalcogenide, phosphide, etc.) have recently emerged as highly active electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of alkaline water electrolysis. Lattice hydroxide anions in are primarily responsible observing such an enhanced HER activity alkali that facilitate dissociation assist the first step, adsorption. Unfortunately, poor electronic conductivity had been issue concern significantly lowered its activity. Interesting advancements were made when heterostructured materials with metallic or semiconducting phase found to overcome this pitfall. However, midst evolving chalcogenide phosphide based catalysts, significant developments field catalysed superiority unfortunately given negligible attention. This review, unlike others, begins question why is difficult will take reader through evaluation perspectives, trends metals HER, understanding how works on different interfaces, what must research directions near future, eventually summarizes inevitable energy-efficient HER.

Language: Английский

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Torsion strained iridium oxide for efficient acidic water oxidation in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1371 - 1377

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and dinitrogen to value-added products: a review

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1959 - 2008

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Opportunities, challenges and design criteria associated with Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for various electrochemical applications.

Language: Английский

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Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 3583 - 3602

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

This work quantifies current and future costs as well environmental burdens of large-scale hydrogen production systems on geographical islands, which exhibit high renewable energy potentials could act export hubs.

Language: Английский

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Confined Ir single sites with triggered lattice oxygen redox: Toward boosted and sustained water oxidation catalysis

Joule, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. 2164 - 2176

Published: Aug. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical Water Splitting: Bridging the Gaps Between Fundamental Research and Industrial Applications

Energy & environment materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(5)

Published: May 28, 2022

Electrochemical water splitting represents one of the most promising technologies to produce green hydrogen, which can help realize goal achieving carbon neutrality. While substantial efforts on a laboratory scale have been made for understanding fundamental catalysis and developing high‐performance electrocatalysts two half‐reactions involved in electrocatalysis, much less attention has paid doing relevant research larger scale. For example, few such researches done an industrial Herein, we review very recent endeavors bridge gaps between applications electrolysis. We begin by introducing fundamentals electrochemical then present comparisons testing protocol, figure merit, catalyst interest, manufacturing cost industry‐based water‐electrolysis research. Special is tracking surface reconstruction process identifying real catalytic species under different conditions, highlight significant distinctions corresponding mechanisms. Advances designs industry‐relevant electrolysis are also summarized, reveal progress moving practical forward accelerating synergies material science engineering. Perspectives challenges electrocatalyst design strategies proposed finally further lab‐scale large‐scale electrocatalysis applications.

Language: Английский

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