Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism between Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(13), P. 6933 - 6933

Published: June 28, 2021

The gut microbiota exists throughout the full life cycle of human body, and it has been proven to have extensive impacts on health disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that interplay between host epigenetics plays a multifaceted role in maintenance disease prevention. Intestinal microflora, along with their metabolites, could regulate multiple epigenetic pathways; e.g., DNA methylation, miRNA, or histone modification. Moreover, factors can serve as mediators coordinate within host. Aiming dissect this mechanism, present review summarizes research profile detail, further interprets biofunctions interplay, especially regulation intestinal inflammation, improvement metabolic disturbances, inhibition colitis events. This provides new insights into microbiota, attempts reveal mysteries prevention from perspective.

Language: Английский

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Roles of the Microbiota of the Female Reproductive Tract in Gynecological and Reproductive Health

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 86(4)

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

The microbiome of the female reproductive tract defies convention that high biodiversity is a hallmark an optimal ecosystem. Although not universally true, homogeneous vaginal composed species

Language: Английский

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Intestinal ‘Infant-Type’ Bifidobacteria Mediate Immune System Development in the First 1000 Days of Life

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1498 - 1498

Published: April 2, 2022

Immune system maturation begins early in life, but few studies have examined how early-life gut microbiota colonization educates the neonatal immune system. Bifidobacteria predominate intestines of breastfed infants and metabolize human milk oligosaccharides. This glycolytic activity alters intestinal microenvironment consequently stimulates at stage. However, provided mechanistic insights into contribution ‘infant-type’ Bifidobacterium species, especially via metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In this review, we highlight first 1000 days which provide a window opportunity for infant-type bifidobacteria to educate Furthermore, discuss instrumental role education by inducing tolerance suppressing inflammation, potential underlying mechanism effect life. We also summarize recent research that suggests administration helps modify microecology prevent progress immune-mediated disorders.

Language: Английский

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Maternal and early life exposures and their potential to influence development of the microbiome

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Abstract At the dawn of twentieth century, medical care mothers and children was largely relegated to family members informally trained birth attendants. As industrial era progressed, early key public health observations among women linked persistence adverse outcomes poverty poor nutrition. In time hence, numerous studies connecting genetics (“nature”) epidemiologic data on role environment (“nurture”) have yielded insights into importance life exposures in relation occurrence common diseases, such as diabetes, allergic atopic disease, cardiovascular obesity. a result these parallel efforts science, medicine, health, developing brain, immune system, metabolic physiology are now recognized being particularly vulnerable nutrition stressful environments from start pregnancy 3 years age. particular, compelling evidence arising diverse array across mammalian lineages suggest that modifications our metagenome and/or microbiome occur following certain environmental during lactation, which turn render risk childhood adult diseases. this review, we will consider suggesting development offspring may be maternal exposures, including an analysis regarding presence or absence low-biomass intrauterine microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1620 - 1620

Published: March 27, 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental with multifactorial etiology, characterized by impairment in two main functional areas: (1) communication and social interactions, (2) skills, interests activities. ASD patients often suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms associated dysbiotic states “leaky gut.” A key role the pathogenesis of has been attributed to gut microbiota, as it influences central nervous system development neuropsychological homeostasis through microbiota–gut–brain axis. state dysbiosis reduction Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio Bacteroidetes level other imbalances common ASD. In recent decades, many authors have tried study identify microbial signature vivo ex studies. this regard, advent metabolomics also great help. Based on these data, several therapeutic strategies, primarily use probiotics, are investigated improve modulation microbiota. However, although results promising, heterogeneity studies precludes concrete evidence. The aim review explore intestinal barrier dysfunction, gut–brain axis microbiota alterations possible probiotic supplementation patients.

Language: Английский

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Meconium-stained amniotic fluid

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228(5), P. S1158 - S1178

Published: April 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age mode delivery, may influence colonization. After birth, when principal colonization occurs, diversity increases converges toward a stable adult-like by end 3–5 years life. However, early life, can be disrupted other postnatal feeding, antibiotic usage, various environmental generating state dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase risk necrotizing enterocolitis some chronic diseases later in such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, asthma. Therefore, understanding impact correct maternal-to-infant transfer good maturation throughout life would reduce disease late This paper reviews published evidence on early-life development, well different influencing its evolution before, at, after focusing diet nutrition pregnancy months

Language: Английский

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Maternal microbe-specific modulation of the offspring microbiome and development during pregnancy and lactation

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 15, 2023

The maternal microbiome is essential for the healthy growth and development of offspring has long-term effects later in life. Recent advances indicate that begins to regulate fetal health during pregnancy. Furthermore, continues affect early microbial colonization via birth breastfeeding. Compelling evidence indicates involved regulation immune brain affects risk related diseases. Modulating by diet probiotic intervention pregnancy breastfeeding could be a promising therapy future. In this review, we summarize discuss current understanding microbiota development, perinatal metabolite transfer, mother-to-infant transmission during/after its association with as well corresponding

Language: Английский

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Is there a placental microbiota? A critical review and re-analysis of published placental microbiota datasets

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 18, 2023

Abstract The existence of a placental microbiota is debated. human placenta has historically been considered sterile and microbial colonization was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Yet, recent DNA sequencing investigations reported in typical term placentas. However, this detected could represent background or delivery-associated contamination. Using fifteen publicly available 16S rRNA gene datasets, existing data were uniformly re-analyzed DADA2 to maximize comparability. While Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) identified as Lactobacillus , vaginal bacterium, highly abundant prevalent across studies, prevalence disappeared after applying likely contaminant removal placentas from cesarean deliveries. A six-study sub-analysis targeting the V4 hypervariable region demonstrated that bacterial profiles samples technical controls share principal ASVs clustered primarily by study origin mode delivery. Contemporary DNA-based evidence does not support microbiota. Importance Early-gestational influences on development are unclear. By technologies tissue, signals observed, leading some conclude live microbiome exists pregnancy. low-biomass nature proposed high sensitivity current indicate signal may alternatively derive environmental Here we address these alternatives re-analysis 15 datasets. After identical pipeline processing raw data, subanalyses performed control for delivery Both environment profoundly influenced term-delivered Aside contamination-associated signals, consistency lacking studies. Thus, delivered at unlikely be original source observed signals.

Language: Английский

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Transmission and dynamics of mother-infant gut viruses during pregnancy and early life

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 2, 2024

Abstract Early development of the gut ecosystem is crucial for lifelong health. While infant bacterial communities have been studied extensively, virome remains under-explored. To study over time and factors that shape it, we longitudinally assess composition viruses their hosts in 30 women during after pregnancy 32 infants first year life. Using shotgun metagenomic sequencing applied to dsDNA extracted from Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) bacteria, generate 205 VLP metaviromes 322 total metagenomes. With this data, show while maternal stable late birth, dynamic Notably, viromes contain a higher abundance active temperate phages compared viromes, which decreases Moreover, feeding mode place delivery influence infants. Lastly, provide evidence co-transmission viral strains mothers infants, demonstrating acquire some mother’s gut.

Language: Английский

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