medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 28, 2024
Abstract
People
living
with
HIV
(PLWH)
despite
having
appreciable
depletion
of
CD4
+
T-cell
show
a
good
SARS-
CoV-2
vaccination
response.
The
underlying
mechanism(s)
are
currently
not
understood.
We
studied
serological
and
polyfunctional
responses
in
PLWH
receiving
anti-retroviral
therapy
stratified
on
counts
as
PLWH-high
(CD4
≥500
cells/μL)
PLWH-low
(<500
cells/μL).
Responses
were
assessed
longitudinally
before
the
first
(T0),
1-month
after
dose
(T1),
3-
months
(T2),
6-months
(T3)
second
dose.
Expectedly,
both
-low
groups
developed
similar
T2,
which
also
non-significantly
different
to
age
vaccination-matched
HIV-negative
controls
at
T3.
IgG
titers
protective
showing
correlation
ACE2-neutralizations
(R=0.628,
P=0.005).
While
no
difference
T3
was
observed
between
activated
CD154
memory
T-cells,
spike-
specific
cytokine
expression
analysis
showed
that
preferentially
express
IL-2
(P<0.001)
controls,
IFN-γ
(P=0.017).
negatively
correlated
IL-2-
expressing
T-cells
including
(Spearman
ρ:
-0.85
-0.80,
respectively;
P<0.001).
Our
results
suggest
durable
developing
vaccinated
associated
IL-2-mediated
activation
likely
compensates
for
PLWH.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 351 - 351
Published: March 25, 2025
Background:
The
rapid
genetic
evolution
of
SARS-CoV-2
has
led
to
the
emergence
immune-evading,
highly
transmissible
variants
concern
(VOCs).
This
prompts
need
for
next-generation
vaccines
that
elicit
robust
mucosal
immunity
in
airways
directly
curb
viral
infection.
Objective:
Here,
we
investigate
impact
heterologous
variant
prime–boost
regimens
on
humoral
responses,
focusing
intramuscular
(IM)
and
intranasal
(IN)
routes
administration.
Using
a
murine
model,
assessed
immunogenicity
unadjuvanted
protein
boosts
with
Wu-1,
Omicron
BA.4/5,
or
Wu-1
+
BA.4/5
spike
antigens
following
monovalent
bivalent
IM
priming
mRNA-LNP
vaccines.
Results:
induced
strong
systemic
total
neutralizing
antibody
responses
were
further
enhanced
by
IN
BA.4/5.
boosting
achieved
broadest
serum
neutralization
across
all
VOCs
tested.
Notably,
robust,
cross-variant
production,
independent
subsequent
boost
combinations.
Conclusions:
Our
findings
highlight
benefit
including
distinct
antigenic
prime
vaccination
followed
variant-tailored
both
variant-specific
are
potentially
capable
reducing
transmission.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 27, 2025
Introduction
Vaccines
developed
using
modified
messenger
RNA
(mRNA)
technology
show
robust
efficacy
against
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
in
humans.
However,
viral
evolution
human
and
non-human
hosts
may
compromise
vaccine
performance
due
to
the
emergence
of
new
variants
with
strong
immune-escape
abilities.
Therefore,
a
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
that
induces
high
levels
broadly
neutralizing
antibodies
(bnAbs)
responds
quickly
mutations
is
urgently
required.
Methods
Here,
we
designed
bivalent
mRNA
vaccine,
RBDco,
based
on
variant
concern
(VOC)
spike
(S)
protein
receptor-binding
domain
(RBD)
chimeric
from
different
lineages
fused
Fc
fragments.
Results
In
mice
primates,
RBDco
effectively
induced
several
pseudoviruses,
including
possible
epidemic
XBB.1,
XBB.1.9.1,
EA.1
pseudoviruses.
mice,
bnAbs
11
SARS-CoV-2
pseudoviruses
lineages.
The
antibody
titers
prototype
D614G
XBB.1.16
were
19666
13274,
respectively.
secrete
interferon-γ
(IFN-γ)
under
stimulation
RBD
proteins
variants.
mouse
challenge
model,
treatment
led
10-fold
reduction
load
lungs
after
challenge.
These
results
suggest
can
induce
bnAb
response
cellular
immune
animals,
thereby
preventing
occurrence
COVID-19.
Furthermore,
sequential
immunization
showed
an
improved
titer
RBDco-boosted
groups
relative
inactivated
group.
Enhanced
differentiation
memory
T
cells
was
observed
Discussion
Overall,
animals
via
RBDs
VOC
candidate
for
rapid
mutations.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(4), P. 361 - 361
Published: March 28, 2025
Background:
Respiratory
syncytial
virus
(RSV)
and
varicella–zoster
(VZV)
pose
significant
risks
to
the
elderly
individuals
with
compromised
immune
systems.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
whether
combining
RSV
VZV
vaccines
could
reduce
number
of
vaccination
injections,
thereby
minimizing
discomfort
for
reducing
manufacturing
costs.
Methods:
developed
two
types
combined
mRNA
vaccines.
Using
administered
alone
as
controls,
evaluated
response
elicited
by
in
C57BL/6J
mice.
Results:
The
results
demonstrated
that
mRNA,
a
mixture
both
be
effectively
encapsulated
lipid
nanoparticles
(LNPs)
uniform
particle
sizes.
Compared
administration
either
or
vaccine
alone,
delivery
kinds
LNP
combination
formulation—whether
directly
mixed
mRNAs
same
formulation—elicited
comparable
IgG
titers,
neutralization
cell-mediated
immunity
(CMI),
CD4+
T-cell
responses.
Conclusions:
conclusion,
study
establishes
feasibility
mRNA-LNP
vaccines,
laying
solid
foundation
clinical
trials
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 31, 2025
Abstract
Whenever
a
new
COVID-19
vaccination
season
starts,
we
must
face
challenges,
including
which
vaccines
to
use,
the
update
of
high-risk
groups
be
vaccinated,
and
especially
type
amount
information
communicated
people
in
order
promote
vaccination.
recommendations
should
fit
these
specific
conditions.
The
use
effective
against
predominant
SARS-CoV-2
virus
variants
extent
immune
response
(waning
immunity)
are
key
aspects
try
protect
better
populations.
Updated
currently
swiftly
available.
However,
number
vaccinated
with
any
additional
booster
dose
is
declining.
Improved
health
training
for
care
professionals,
together
tools
make
simpler
recommendations,
can
encourage
higher
rates.
Addressing
challenges
essential
improve
coverage
ensure
adequate
protection
evolving
threats.
has
become
constant
presence
our
society.
changes
but
neither
endemic
nor
seasonal
so
far.
Omicron
variant
prevailed
nearly
2
years
now
several
its
subvariants
like
JN.1,
KP.2,
or
XEC
dominant
ones.
In
this
moving
situation,
main
message
same:
safe
effective.
role
current
efforts
mitigate
severity
disease
reduce
risk
complications
death,
instead
preventing
most
infections.
New
at
different
stages
clinical
research.
hLife,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(3), P. 113 - 125
Published: Feb. 2, 2024
Periodically
updating
COVID-19
vaccines
that
offer
broad-spectrum
protection
is
needed
given
the
strong
immune
evasion
by
circulating
omicron
sublineages.
The
effectiveness
of
prototype
and
BA.4/5-containing
bivalent
mRNA
reduced
when
XBB
subvariants
predominate.
We
initiated
an
observer-blinded,
three-arms
study
in
376
patients
Chinese
individuals
aged
from
18
to
55
years
old
who
had
previously
received
three
doses
vaccine.
Immunogenicity
terms
neutralizing
antibodies
elicited
30-μg
dose
XBB.1.5-containing
vaccine
(RQ3027),
BA.2/BA.5-Alpha/Beta
(RQ3025)
their
precedent
Alpha/Beta
(combined
mutations)
monovalent
(RQ3013)
safety
are
primary
secondary
endpoints,
respectively.
recorded
prescribed
cases
explore
preliminary
efficacy
vaccines.
RQ3027
RQ3025
boosters
superior
(NAbs)
against
XBB.1.5,
XBB.1.16,
XBB.1.9.1
JN.1
compared
RQ3013
at
day
14
participants
without
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
All
were
well-tolerated
serious
adverse
reactions
identified.
incidence
rates
per
1000
person-years
during
2nd-19th
week
after
randomization
lowest
RQ3027.
Overall,
our
data
show
booster
generated
immunogenicity
better
newer
variants
BA.2/BA.5-containing
with
no
new
concerns.
