A gut pathobiont regulates circulating glycine and host metabolism in a twin study comparing vegan and omnivorous diets

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Summary Metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and obesity pose a significant global health burden. Plant-based diets, vegan are linked to favorable metabolic outcomes, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In randomized trial involving 21 pairs of identical twins, we investigated effects omnivorous diets on host metabolome, immune system, gut microbiome. Vegan induced shifts in serum stool metabolomes, cytokine profiles, microbial composition. Despite lower dietary glycine intake, diet subjects exhibited elevated levels reduced abundance pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia . Functional studies demonstrated that B. metabolizes via reductase pathway modulates availability. Removing from complex microbiota mice improved markers. These findings reveal previously underappreciated mechanism by which regulates status microbiota.

Language: Английский

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A Gut Pathobiont Regulates Circulating Glycine and Host Metabolism in a Twin Study Comparing Vegan and Omnivorous Diets

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Single, but not mixed dietary fibers suppress body weight gain and adiposity in high fat-fed mice

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Dietary fiber can suppress excess adipose tissue and weight gain in rodents humans when fed high fat diets. The gut microbiome is thought to have a key role, although exactly how remains unclear. In tightly controlled murine study, we explored different types of dietary doses affect the microbiota epithelial gene expression. We show that 10% pectin FOS diet (HFD)-induced gain, effects not seen at 2% doses. Furthermore, 2 mixtures were also without effect. Each treatment stimulated distinct profile family operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level. Mechanistically it likely single dose shifted selected bacteria above some threshold abundance, required body weight, which was achieved by Mix, composed 4 fibers each 2.5%. Plasma levels hormone PYY elevated FOS, but mixed fibers, similarly RNA seq revealed on These data ability HFD-induced dependent upon both type dose. It shows microbial response there associated with inhibition adiposity gain. seems latter response, role other factors such as Reg3γ CCK needs be explored.

Language: Английский

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Diet-Gut Microbiome Nexus: A New Paradigm in Food-Based Mental Disease Therapeutics

Food Reviews International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 27

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Human microbiome acquisition and transmission

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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Fecal Microbiota and Metabolites Predict Metabolic Health Features Across Various Dietary Patterns in Adults

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Consuming healthful dietary patterns reduces the risk of developing metabolic diseases and nourishes intestinal microbiota. Thus, investigating microbial underpinnings influences on health is clinical interest. To determine unique contributions fecal taxa metabolites in predicting markers adults across various patterns. Dietary, metabolic, microbiota metabolome data from 118 (25-45y) were used for these cross-sectional analyses. The Diet History Questionnaire II assessed adherence to Dietary Approaches Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean diet, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention Neurocognitive Delay (MIND), Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020). Metabolic features included waist circumference, blood pressure, circulating triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), glucose concentrations. Microbiota composition was via 16S amplicon sequencing volatile fatty acid bile concentrations measured by targeted metabolomics. ANCOM-BC2 correlation analyses screen independently associated with markers. Then, hierarchical linear regression models evaluate select beyond HEI-2020 positively richness (p = 0.02). Beta diversity varied all < 0.05). DASH diet scores, [Eubacterium] xylanophilum abundance, deoxycholic (DCA) concentration explained most variance systolic (R2 0.32) diastolic 0.26) pressure compared other features. TG best predicted MIND [E]. eligens isobutyrate 0.24). Integrating alongside indices improved marker prediction. These results point a potential role underpinning physiological responses highlight biomarkers health.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Vegan, Vegetarian, and Omnivorous Diets on Protein Metabolism: A Role for the Gut–Muscle Axis?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1142 - 1142

Published: March 26, 2025

There has been a growing interest globally in vegan and vegetarian diets over the last decade for combination of health, ethical, environmental, spiritual, social reasons. In line with this popularity, research examining role plant-based food sources, including diets, supporting skeletal muscle remodeling anabolism humans also received considerable attention. The emergence microbiota-gut-muscle axis, bidirectional pathway where gut microbiota impacts vice versa, suggested as potential mediator nutrition's influence on mechanistic processes that regulate mass function. Considering inherent nutritional differences between vegan, vegetarian, omnivorous related to fiber macronutrient content, presence anti-nutritional factors, diverse supplemental sources obtaining protein, it stands reason regulation axis via diet-induced changes composition function may be dissimilar. However, whether translates into differential effects is unclear. This review article aims provide contemporary perspective how variations linked mechanism influencing protein metabolism purported axis.

Language: Английский

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Unique Microbial Characterisation of Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients with Different Dietary Habits Based on Light Gradient Boosting Machine Learning Classifier

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1340 - 1340

Published: April 14, 2025

Objectives: The microbiome plays an important role in cancer, but the relationship between dietary habits and microbiota oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is not clear. aim of this study to explore complex oesophagal tissue ESCC patients. Methods: 173 patients were included. method 16S rRNA sequencing was used analyze microbial composition diversity. LEfSe Boruta methods screen microbes, LightGBM algorithm distinguished microbes associated with different habits. PICRUST2 DESeq2 predicted function screened differential functions. Pearson test correlations functions, SPARCC symbiotic networks Cytoscape determine interactions. Results: Significant differences observed among identified three, six, two significantly bacteria FF/FP, FF/PF, FF/PP groups, respectively, AUC values 0.683, 0.830, 0.715. analysis revealed 3, 11, 5 metabolic pathways each group. Eubacterium_B sulci positively correlated PWY-6285, PWY-3801, PWY-5823. PWY-6397 undefinded (Fusobacterium_C). Microbial network confirmed unique characteristics diet groups. Conclusions: Different lead alterations (Fusobacterium_C) related functional pathways.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies

The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 222(7)

Published: April 22, 2025

Immune checkpoint blockade therapies have markedly advanced cancer treatment by invigorating antitumor immunity and extending patient survival. However, therapeutic resistance immune-related toxicities remain major concerns. Emerging evidence indicates that microbial dysbiosis diminishes response rates, while a diverse gut ecology key beneficial taxa correlate with improved outcomes. Therefore, there is growing understanding manipulating the microbiota could boost therapy efficacy. This review examines burgeoning methods target microbiome to optimize innovative diagnostic tools detect dysbiosis, highlights challenges be addressed in field.

Language: Английский

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Gut Prevotella copri abundance linked to elevated post-exercise inflammation

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101039 - 101039

Published: April 1, 2025

This study aimed to examine the linkage between gut microbiome taxa and exercise-induced inflammation. Twenty-five cyclists provided 4 stool samples during a 10-week period cycled vigorously for 2.25 h at 67% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in laboratory setting. Blood were collected pre- post-exercise, with additional 1.5 h-, 3 24 h-post-exercise. Primary outcomes included composition alpha diversity via whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing (averaged from samples) targeted panel of 75 plasma oxylipins. A total 5719 identified, 339 that present more than 20% used analysis. Alpha was calculated by evenness, Analysis Composition Microbiomes (ANCOM) differential abundance analysis performed using QIIME2. composite variable 8 pro-inflammatory oxylipins generated arachidonic acid (ARA) cytochrome P-450 (CYP). ARA-CYP significantly elevated least post-exercise (p < 0.001); they strongly positively related Prevotella copri (P. copri) (R2 = 0.676, p 0.001) negatively 0.771, 0.001). revealed first time novel, positive relationship P. These data demonstrate about two-thirds wide variance inflammation following prolonged intensive exercise is largely explained single bacterial species: copri.

Language: Английский

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