Efficacy of emergency maternal MVA-ZIKV vaccination in a rapid challenge model of lethal Zika infection

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak of 2015 was associated with microcephaly and congenital birth defects in children born to pregnant women infected ZIKV. Using the highly susceptible Type I Interferon Receptor-deficient mouse-model, we demonstrate that a single emergency vaccination non-replicating MVA-ZIKV vaccine, when administered as early 2-days before challenge fully protected non-pregnant mice fetuses against lethal ZIKV-infection. Early protection rapid emergence ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cell responses; depletion cells resulted loss supporting critical role for protective efficacy MVA-ZIKV. Neutralizing antibody responses were induced later than responses, suggesting it may play stages infection. Our results suggest induces potent anamnestic cellular immunity after infection, contributing its ZIKV challenge.

Language: Английский

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Pre-existing YFV-17D immunity mediates T cell cross-protection against DENV-2 infection

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 20, 2025

Abstract Widespread yellow fever virus (YFV) immunity in Sub-Saharan Africa may mitigate orthoflavivirus outbreaks. Here, we investigate whether pre-existing YFV-17D confers cross-protection against dengue serotype 2 (DENV-2) a murine model. IFNAR1 -/- mice immunized with exhibited significantly reduced DENV-2 viremia, weight loss, and disease severity, improved survival compared to YFV-naïve controls. Mechanistic studies revealed that was mediated by heterologous T cell responses rather than cross-neutralizing antibodies. Depletion of cells YFV-17D-immune prior challenge resulted increased underscoring the protective role YFV-17D-elicited immunity. Furthermore, YFV-17D-specific displayed cytotoxicity DENV NS3- NS5-pulsed cells, demonstrating their functional viral control. These findings highlight critical contribution YFV-17D-mediated protection suggest vaccines designed elicit could enhance infections.

Language: Английский

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T cell-mediated protection in absence of virus neutralizing antibodies

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Monitoring Immune Responses to Vaccination: A Focus on Single-Cell Analysis and Associated Challenges

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 420 - 420

Published: April 16, 2025

Monitoring the immune response to vaccination encompasses both significant challenges and promising opportunities for scientific advancement. The primary challenge lies in inherent complexity interindividual variability of responses, influenced by factors including age, genetic background, prior immunological history. This necessitates development sophisticated, highly sensitive assays capable accurately quantifying parameters such as antibody titers, T-cell cytokine profiles. Furthermore, temporal dynamics require comprehensive longitudinal studies elucidate durability quality vaccine-induced immunity. Challenges this magnitude pave way research advancements diagnostic methodologies. Cutting-edge monitoring techniques, high-throughput sequencing advanced flow cytometry, enable deeper insights into mechanistic underpinnings vaccine efficacy contribute iterative design more effective vaccines. Additionally, integration analytical tools holds potential predict responses tailor personalized strategies. will be addressed review provide insight enhancing public health outcomes fortifying preparedness against future infectious disease threats.

Language: Английский

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Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 641(8062), P. 321 - 330

Published: May 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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