Oncogene,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
38(19), P. 3636 - 3650
Published: Jan. 17, 2019
In
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
ATP
and
its
receptor
P2X7
exert
a
pivotal
influence
on
cancer
growth
tumor–host
interactions.
Here
we
analyzed
different
effect
of
genetic
deficiency
versus
antagonism
response
against
P2X7-expressing
implanted
tumors.
We
focused
immune
cell
expression
degrading
enzymes
CD39
CD73
in
vivo
measured
TME's
ATP.
The
infiltrate
tumors
growing
null
mice
shows
decrease
CD8+
cells
an
increased
number
Tregs,
overexpressing
fitness
markers
OX40,
PD-1,
CD73.
A
similar
Treg
phenotype
is
also
present
spleen
tumor-bearing
it
paralleled
by
proinflammatory
cytokines
increase
TGF-β.
Differently,
systemic
administration
blocker
A740003
wild-type
left
unaltered
tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes
but
CD4+
effector
decreased
their
blockade
did
not
affect
composition
or
ectonucleotidase
circulating
INF-γ.
Augmented
was
mirrored
TME
concentration
nucleotide
reduced
secretion
from
cells.
On
contrary,
levels
remained
upon
antagonism,
owing
to
release
cancerous
diminished
dendritic
These
data
point
at
as
key
determinant
due
combined
action
infiltrate,
ectonucleotidases,
release.
Cancer Drug Resistance,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2019
Cancer
Drug
Resistance
is
an
open
access
journal,
focusing
on
pharmacological
aspects
of
drug
resistance
and
its
reversal,
molecular
mechanisms
classes,
etc.
Both
clinical
experimental
in
cancer
are
included.
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8(1), P. e000337 - e000337
Published: March 1, 2020
Cells
succumbing
to
stress
via
regulated
cell
death
(RCD)
can
initiate
an
adaptive
immune
response
associated
with
immunological
memory,
provided
they
display
sufficient
antigenicity
and
adjuvanticity.
Moreover,
multiple
intracellular
microenvironmental
features
determine
the
propensity
of
RCD
drive
immunity.
Here,
we
provide
updated
operational
definition
immunogenic
(ICD),
discuss
key
factors
that
dictate
ability
dying
cells
response,
summarize
experimental
assays
are
currently
available
for
assessment
ICD
in
vitro
vivo,
formulate
guidelines
their
interpretation.
Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(11)
Published: Nov. 26, 2020
Abstract
Chemotherapy,
radiation
therapy,
as
well
targeted
anticancer
agents
can
induce
clinically
relevant
tumor-targeting
immune
responses,
which
critically
rely
on
the
antigenicity
of
malignant
cells
and
their
capacity
to
generate
adjuvant
signals.
In
particular,
immunogenic
cell
death
(ICD)
is
accompanied
by
exposure
release
numerous
damage-associated
molecular
patterns
(DAMPs),
altogether
confer
a
robust
adjuvanticity
dying
cancer
cells,
they
favor
recruitment
activation
antigen-presenting
cells.
ICD-associated
DAMPs
include
surface-exposed
calreticulin
(CALR)
secreted
ATP,
annexin
A1
(ANXA1),
type
I
interferon,
high-mobility
group
box
1
(HMGB1).
Additional
hallmarks
ICD
encompass
phosphorylation
eukaryotic
translation
initiation
factor
2
subunit-α
(EIF2S1,
better
known
eIF2α),
autophagy,
global
arrest
in
transcription
translation.
Here,
we
outline
methodological
approaches
for
measuring
markers
vitro
ex
vivo
discovery
next-generation
antineoplastic
agents,
development
personalized
regimens,
identification
optimal
therapeutic
combinations
clinical
management
cancer.
Frontiers in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: June 23, 2022
Cancer
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
death
worldwide.
Several
treatments
are
available
for
cancer
treatment,
but
many
treatment
methods
ineffective
against
multidrug-resistant
cancer.
Multidrug
resistance
(MDR)
represents
a
major
obstacle
to
effective
therapeutic
interventions
This
review
describes
known
MDR
mechanisms
in
cells
and
discusses
ongoing
laboratory
approaches
novel
strategies
that
aim
inhibit,
circumvent,
or
reverse
development
various
types.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
both
intrinsic
acquired
drug
resistance,
addition
highlighting
hypoxia-
autophagy-mediated
mechanisms.
factors,
including
individual
genetic
differences,
such
as
mutations,
altered
epigenetics,
enhanced
efflux,
cell
inhibition,
other
molecular
cellular
mechanisms,
responsible
anticancer
agents.
Drug
can
also
depend
on
autophagic
hypoxic
status.
The
expression
drug-resistant
genes
regulatory
determine
discussed.
Methods
circumvent
MDR,
immunoprevention,
use
microparticles
nanomedicine
might
result
better
fighting
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: June 6, 2019
T
cells
play
a
critical
role
in
cancer
control,
but
range
of
potent
immunosuppressive
mechanisms
can
be
upregulated
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
to
abrogate
their
activity.
While
various
immunotherapies
(IMTs)
aiming
at
re-invigorating
T-cell-mediated
anti-tumor
response,
such
as
immune
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB),
and
adoptive
cell
transfer
(ACT)
natural
or
gene-engineered
ex
vivo
expanded
tumor-specific
cells,
have
led
unprecedented
clinical
responses,
only
small
proportion
patients
benefit
from
these
treatments.
Important
research
efforts
are
thus
underway
identify
biomarkers
well
develop
personalized
combinatorial
approaches
that
target
other
inhibitory
TME.
In
recent
years,
adenosinergic
signaling
has
emerged
powerful
immuno-metabolic
tumors.
Like
several
barriers
TME,
PD-1/PDL-1
axis,
CTLA-4,
indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase
(IDO-1),
adenosine
plays
important
physiologic
roles,
been
co-opted
by
tumors
promote
growth
impair
immunity.
Several
agents
counteracting
axis
developed,
pre-clinical
studies
demonstrated
activity,
alone
combination
with
IMTs
including
ICB
ACT.
Here
we
review
regulation
levels
which
it
promotes
broadly
suppresses
protective
immunity,
extra
focus
on
attenuation
function.
Finally,
present
an
overview
promising
being
explored
for
blocking
enhanced
control
solid
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nano-sized,
membranous
structures
secreted
into
the
extracellular
space.
They
exhibit
diverse
sizes,
contents,
and
surface
markers
ubiquitously
released
from
cells
under
normal
pathological
conditions.
Human
serum
is
a
rich
source
of
these
EVs,
though
their
isolation
proteins
non-EV
lipid
particles
poses
challenges.
These
transport
various
cellular
components
such
as
proteins,
mRNAs,
miRNAs,
DNA,
lipids
across
distances,
influencing
numerous
physiological
events,
including
those
within
tumor
microenvironment
(TME).
Their
pivotal
roles
in
communication
make
EVs
promising
candidates
for
therapeutic
agents,
drug
delivery
systems,
disease
biomarkers.
Especially
cancer
diagnostics,
EV
detection
can
pave
way
early
identification
offers
potential
diagnostic
Moreover,
subtypes
emerging
targeted
tools,
highlighting
clinical
significance.
The
need
non-invasive
biomarkers
to
monitor
biological
processes
purposes
remains
unfulfilled.
Tapping
unique
composition
could
unlock
advanced
avenues
future.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
detail
conditions,
cancers
(encompassing
head
neck,
lung,
gastric,
breast,
hepatocellular
carcinoma),
neurodegenerative
disorders,
diabetes,
viral
infections,
autoimmune
renal
diseases,
emphasizing
advancements
molecular
diagnostics
delivery.