BMJ,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. e074962 - e074962
Published: June 3, 2024
Abstract
Esophageal
cancer
is
the
seventh
most
common
malignancy
worldwide,
with
over
470
000
new
cases
diagnosed
each
year.
Two
distinct
histological
subtypes
predominate,
and
should
be
considered
biologically
separate
disease
entities.1
These
are
esophageal
adenocarcinoma
(EAC)
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(ESCC).
Outcomes
remain
poor
regardless
of
subtype,
patients
presenting
late
stage
disease.2
Novel
strategies
to
improve
early
detection
respective
precursor
lesions,
dysplasia,
Barrett’s
esophagus
offer
potential
outcomes.
The
introduction
a
limited
number
biologic
agents,
as
well
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
resulting
in
improvements
systemic
treatment
locally
advanced
metastatic
cancer.
developments,
coupled
minimally
invasive
surgical
endoscopic
approaches,
adaptive
precision
radiotherapy
technologies,
outcomes
still
further.
This
review
summarizes
latest
advances
diagnosis
management
cancer,
developments
understanding
biology
this
disease.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
108(3), P. 787 - 799
Published: March 17, 2020
Abstract
ICAM-1
is
a
cell
surface
glycoprotein
and
an
adhesion
receptor
that
best
known
for
regulating
leukocyte
recruitment
from
circulation
to
sites
of
inflammation.
However,
in
addition
vascular
endothelial
cells,
expression
also
robustly
induced
on
epithelial
immune
cells
response
inflammatory
stimulation.
Importantly,
serves
as
biosensor
transduce
outside-in-signaling
via
association
its
cytoplasmic
domain
with
the
actin
cytoskeleton
following
ligand
engagement
extracellular
domain.
Thus,
has
emerged
master
regulator
many
essential
cellular
functions
both
at
onset
resolution
pathologic
conditions.
Because
role
driving
responses
well
recognized,
this
review
will
mainly
focus
newly
emerging
roles
injury-resolution
responses,
effector
function
inflammation
tumorigenesis.
been
clinical
therapeutic
interest
some
time
now;
however,
several
attempts
inhibiting
improve
injury
have
failed.
Perhaps,
better
understanding
beneficial
or
tumorigenesis
spark
new
revisiting
value
potential
target.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: March 18, 2022
Over
the
past
decade,
invasive
techniques
for
diagnosing
and
monitoring
cancers
are
slowly
being
replaced
by
non-invasive
methods
such
as
liquid
biopsy.
Liquid
biopsies
have
drastically
revolutionized
field
of
clinical
oncology,
offering
ease
in
tumor
sampling,
continuous
repeated
devising
personalized
therapeutic
regimens,
screening
resistance.
consist
isolating
tumor-derived
entities
like
circulating
cells,
DNA,
extracellular
vesicles,
etc.,
present
body
fluids
patients
with
cancer,
followed
an
analysis
genomic
proteomic
data
contained
within
them.
Methods
isolation
rapidly
evolved
over
few
years
described
review,
thus
providing
greater
details
about
characteristics
progression,
staging,
heterogeneity,
gene
mutations,
clonal
evolution,
etc.
from
cancer
opened
up
newer
avenues
detection
monitoring,
treatment
based
on
precision
medicine,
markers
Though
technology
is
still
evolving,
its
nature
promises
to
open
new
eras
oncology.
The
purpose
this
review
provide
overview
current
methodologies
involved
their
application
detection,
prognosis,
outcomes.
Annals of Oncology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
33(8), P. 750 - 768
Published: July 6, 2022
•Validated
and
sensitive
ctDNA
assays
can
be
used
to
genotype
advanced
cancers
select
patients
for
targeted
therapies.•Initial
genotyping
with
should
considered
when
rapid
results
are
needed,
tissue
is
unavailable.•ctDNA
assay
limited
by
false-negative
results,
lower
sensitivity
fusion
events
copy
number
changes.•Use
of
detect
molecular
residual
disease
not
recommended,
due
lack
evidence
its
clinical
utility.
Circulating
tumour
DNA
(ctDNA)
conducted
on
plasma
rapidly
developing
a
strong
base
use
in
cancer.
The
European
Society
Medical
Oncology
convened
an
expert
working
group
review
the
analytical
validity
utility
assays.
For
cancer,
validated
adequately
have
identifying
actionable
mutations
direct
therapy,
may
routine
practice,
provided
limitations
taken
into
account.
Tissue-based
testing
remains
preferred
test
many
cancer
patients,
detecting
changes,
although
routinely
faster
will
clinically
important,
or
biopsies
possible
inappropriate.
Reflex
following
non-informative
result,
testing.
In
treated
early-stage
cancers,
detection
relapse,
has
high
anticipating
future
relapse
cancers.
Molecular
disease/molecular
cannot
recommended
as
currently
there
no
directing
treatment.
Additional
potential
applications
assays,
under
research
development
include
responding
therapy
early
dynamic
changes
levels,
monitoring
resistance
before
progression,
screening
asymptomatic
people
Recommendations
reporting
made.
British Journal of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
124(2), P. 345 - 358
Published: Sept. 24, 2020
Abstract
Cell-free
DNA
(cfDNA)
derived
from
tumours
is
present
in
the
plasma
of
cancer
patients.
The
majority
currently
available
studies
on
use
this
circulating
tumour
(ctDNA)
deal
with
detection
mutations.
analysis
cfDNA
often
discussed
context
noninvasive
mutations
that
lead
to
resistance
mechanisms
and
therapeutic
disease
monitoring
Indeed,
substantial
advances
have
been
made
area,
development
methods
reach
high
sensitivity
can
interrogate
a
large
number
genes.
Interestingly,
however,
also
be
used
analyse
different
features
DNA,
such
as
methylation
status,
size
fragment
patterns,
transcriptomics
viral
load,
which
open
new
avenues
for
liquid
biopsy
samples
This
review
will
focus
perspectives
challenges
mutation
patients
solid
malignancies.
