Gender Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease and Their Management: A Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 5, 2024

Worldwide, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the primary cause of death, and there notable differences between sexes when it comes to symptoms/course treatment. Due evolving healthcare technologies, significant progress has been made in understanding CVDs. Hence, is evident that gender disparities exist clinical presentation, prevalence, management, outcomes, risk factors, including biological, behavioral, sociocultural factors. This narrative review designed provide a generalized idea It aims insights prove role hormonal influences, genetic predispositions, difference physiological outcomes owing different genders. explores subtle distinctions CVD across genders, changes structure, biology, hormones affect how illness presents progresses. Lifestyle variables also influence factors profiles. Traditional diabetes mellitus (DM), cholesterol levels, smoking may have weights relevance men women. Moreover, age other conventional distinct effects on gender. Treatment efficacy be impacted by expression gender-specific emphasizing necessity for customized strategies. Development CVDs can delayed or prevented, its consequences lessened with early identification effective management More investigation necessary clarify complex interactions structural, biochemical, aspects genders order maximize treatment results reduce burden

Language: Английский

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Differences in Risk Factors for Coronary Atherosclerosis According to Sex

Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 97 - 97

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Interest in sex differences related to coronary artery disease (CAD) has steadily increased, and the risk factors for CAD show distinct differences. For women, cardiovascular increases significantly after menopause due a decrease estrogen levels. In older individuals, increased arterial stiffness results higher pulse pressure, leading more common occurrence of isolated systolic hypertension; these changes are noticeable women. While incidence diabetes is similar both sexes, women with face 50% relative fatal heart compared men. Smoking ischemic particularly those who younger. The leads redistribution fat, resulting abdominal obesity and, consequently, an elevated risk. Pregnancy reproductive also have significant impact on risks Additionally, disparities exist medical practice. Women less likely be prescribed cardioprotective drugs, referred interventional or surgical treatments, included clinical research than By increasing awareness addressing disparities, we can progress toward personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Bridging the gap: Time to integrate sex and gender differences into research and clinical practice for improved health outcomes

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The integration of sex and gender in medical research clinical practice is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone for achieving equitable health outcomes. Biological influence the manifestation, progression, treatment response numerous diseases. influences disease outcomes through genetic, hormonal, physiological factors, while impacts them via identity, societal roles behaviors. Historically, has focused predominantly on male body, leading to diagnostic therapeutic gaps women gender-diverse populations. In particular, remain underrepresented trials, suboptimal strategies addition, many conditions, such cardiovascular, metabolic neurological diseases, sex-specific variations risk factors presentation are prominent. present review discusses critical importance distinguishing between preclinical research, necessity incorporating these variables across all stages from study design analysis reporting studies trials. By distinct but interacting variables, we propose framework advance equity foster personalized, inclusive healthcare. This approach will promote development gender-sensitive guidelines, enhance accuracy tools, ultimately contribute improved individuals, regardless their or identity.

Language: Английский

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Sex and gender affect immune aging

Frontiers in Aging, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

The proposed review aims to elucidate the intricate interplay between biological factors (sex differences) and socially constructed (gender in context of immune aging. While influence differences men women on various aspects responses has long been recognized, it is crucial acknowledge that gender, encompassing social cultural roles expectations associated with being male or female, also significantly shapes these processes. Gender can either accelerate aging promote longevity. By recognizing impact both factors, this work seeks offer a comprehensive understanding why may experience divergent trajectories varying outcomes terms Discrepancies perceived sexes, within families at work, contribute differing patterns antigen exposure. Additionally, variations micronutrient intake access preventive healthcare facilities exist. Health promotion knowledge often correlates educational attainment, which unequally represented males females many cultures across generations Western world. In countries without universal system, relies family prioritization strategies cope economic constraints, potentially limiting specific treatments affecting negatively. As result, behavioral gender disparities responses, susceptibility infections, autoimmune diseases, vaccine among older individuals. However, as demonstrated by COVID-19 pandemic, exhibit greater resilience infections than males. Given role system achieving longevity, not surprising live longer men, number female centenarians surpasses centenarians.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in the nutritional status and its association with long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a prospective cohort study

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 458 - 469

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Many studies show the association between malnutrition and poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. Our research aimed to analyse sex differences patients with HF reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), emphasizing nutritional status influence of selected parameters on prognosis.

Language: Английский

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Efficient prediction of coronary artery disease using machine learning algorithms with feature selection techniques

Computers & Electrical Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 115, P. 109130 - 109130

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pioneering new frontiers in circadian medicine chronotherapies for cardiovascular health

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(7), P. 607 - 623

Published: March 8, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern. Circadian medicine improves cardiovascular care by aligning treatments with our body's daily rhythms and their underlying cellular circadian mechanisms. Time-based therapies, or chronotherapies, show special promise in clinical cardiology. They optimize treatment schedules for better outcomes fewer side effects recognizing the profound influence of rhythmic body cycles. In this review, we focus on three chronotherapy areas (medication, light, meal timing) potential to enhance care. We also highlight pioneering research new field rest, gut microbiome, novel chronotherapies hypertension, pain management, small molecules that targeting mechanism.

Language: Английский

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The cGAS-STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases: from basic research to clinical perspectives

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 8, 2024

The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine (AMP) synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway, an important component the innate immune system, is involved in development several diseases. Ectopic DNA-induced inflammatory responses are pathological processes. Repeated damage to tissues and metabolic organelles releases a large number damage-associated molecular patterns (mitochondrial DNA, nuclear exogenous DNA). DNA fragments released into cytoplasm sensed by sensor cGAS initiate through bridging protein STING. Many recent studies have revealed regulatory role cGAS-STING pathway cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, atherosclerosis, aortic dissection/aneurysm. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that inhibiting can significantly inhibit hypertrophy cell infiltration. Therefore, this review intended identify risk factors for activating reduce risks simultaneously further elucidate biological function field, well its potential therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

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Sex in cardiovascular disease: Why this biological variable should be considered in in vitro models

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(19)

Published: May 10, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the world’s leading cause of death, exhibits notable epidemiological, clinical, and pathophysiological differences between sexes. Many such can be linked back to cardiovascular sexual dimorphism, yet sex-specific in vitro models are still not norm. A lack sex reporting apparent male bias raises question whether CVD faithfully recapitulate biology intended treatment recipients. To ensure equitable for overlooked female patient population, as a biological variable (SABV) inclusion must become commonplace preclinical research. Here, we discuss role underlying (patho)physiology. We review shortcomings current SABV practices, describe relevance sex, highlight emerging strategies three major model types: primary cell, stem three-dimensional models. Last, identify key barriers inclusive design suggest techniques overcoming them.

Language: Английский

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Sex-Specific Differences in Lipoprotein Production and Clearance

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(9), P. 1617 - 1625

Published: July 6, 2023

Therapeutic approaches to reduce atherogenic lipid and lipoprotein levels remain the most effective assessable strategies prevent treat cardiovascular disease. The discovery of novel research targets linked pathways associated with disease development has enhanced our ability decrease burden; however, residual risks remain. Advancements in genetics personalized medicine are essential understand some factors driving risk. Biological sex is among relevant affecting plasma profiles, playing a pivotal role This minireview summarizes recent preclinical clinical studies covering effect on levels. We highlight advances mechanisms regulating hepatic production clearance as potential drivers presentation. focus using biological variable studying circulating

Language: Английский

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