Ionic Remote α-C–H Allenylation of Silyl Ethers Involving a [1,5]-Hydride Shift Promoted by Silylium-Ion Regeneration DOI Creative Commons
Honghua Zuo, Sebastian Kemper, Hendrik F. T. Klare

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 147(6), P. 5426 - 5431

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

A silylium-ion-promoted α-C-H allenylation of silyl ethers tethered to an internal alkyne is described. The actual intermolecular event occurs after the trans-selective hydrosilylation alkyne, where in situ-generated β-silicon-stabilized vinyl cation engages intramolecular [1,5]-hydride shift. This process transforms ether into a silylcarboxonium ion, which reacts with propargylsilanes as nucleophiles, formed by rapid silylium-ion-catalyzed isomerization allenylsilanes. As part step, propagating silylium-ion electrophile regenerated, thereby closing catalytic cycle. An allylsilane also applicable this transformation, producing corresponding allylation product high yield.

Language: Английский

Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides DOI
Matthew M. D. Roy, Alvaro A. Omaña, Andrew S. S. Wilson

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(20), P. 12784 - 12965

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, 12–16. Particular attention will be given emerging use said rapidly expanding field Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this is comprehensive nature, focus research appearing open literature since 2001.

Language: Английский

Citations

211

Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts DOI
Hendrik F. T. Klare, Lena Albers, Lars Süße

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(10), P. 5889 - 5985

Published: April 16, 2021

The history of silyl cations has all the makings a drama but with happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization solution and later solid state did only fuel discussion about existence initially created lot controversy. This perception completely changed today, donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds promising use synthetic chemistry. review provides comprehensive summary fundamental facts principles chemistry cations, including reliable ways preparation as well physical chemical properties. striking features enormous electrophilicity such reactivity super Lewis acids fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on reactants, stoichiometric reagents, promoters where reaction success is based steady regeneration over course reaction. Silyl can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening next chapter way into toolbox methodology.

Language: Английский

Citations

174

Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnictogen, and Tetrel Bonding in Non‐Covalent Organocatalysis: An Update DOI Creative Commons
Dragana Jovanovic,

Meghana Poliyodath Mohanan,

Stefan M. Huber

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(31)

Published: May 11, 2024

The use of noncovalent interactions based on electrophilic halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen, or tetrel centers in organocatalysis has gained noticeable attention. Herein, we provide an overview the most important developments last years with a clear focus experimental studies and catalysts which act via such non-transient interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

27

Asymmetric Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Monohydrosilanes by Dehydrogenative C–H Silylation DOI
Wei Yuan, Lijun You,

Weidong Lin

et al.

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 1367 - 1372

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

An asymmetric synthesis of silicon-stereogenic monohydrosilanes by rhodium-catalyzed dehydrogenative C–H silylation is developed. The process suitable for the various asymmetrically trisubstituted 1H-benzosiloles and 1H-benzosilolometallocenes in good yields with excellent chemo-, regio-, stereocontrol. These selected 1H-benzosilole compounds exhibit bright blue fluorescence CPL (circular polarized luminescence) signals, which could be attractive to practitioners materials science.

Language: Английский

Citations

71

An easy-to-perform evaluation of steric properties of Lewis acids DOI Creative Commons

Ludwig Zapf,

Melanie Riethmann,

Steffen A. Föhrenbacher

et al.

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 2275 - 2288

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

An easy-to-perform approach to assess and quantify steric properties of Lewis acids is reported. The novel LAB-Rep model (Lewis acid/base repulsion model) introduced, which judges in pairs.

Language: Английский

Citations

35

How to Deal with Charge in the Ranking of Lewis Acidity: Critical Evaluation of an Extensive Set of Cationic Lewis Acids DOI Creative Commons
Philipp Erdmann, Manuel Schmitt, Lukas M. Sigmund

et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(22)

Published: March 13, 2024

The quantification of Lewis acidity is fundamental and applied importance in chemistry. However, if neutral charged acids are compared, a coherent ranking has been elusive, severe uncertainties were accepted. With this study, we present systematic computational analysis base affinities 784 mono-, di- tricationic their comparison with 149 representative acids. Evaluating vacuum fluoride ion (FIA) reveals charge-caused clustering that prohibits any meaningful ranking. Instead, solvation-corrected FIA

Language: Английский

Citations

11

Oxidation reactions of a versatile, two-coordinate, acyclic iminosiloxysilylene DOI
Dominik Reiter, Philipp Frisch, Daniel Wendel

et al.

Dalton Transactions, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(21), P. 7060 - 7068

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

A comprehensive reactivity study of an acyclic iminosiloxysilylene provides further insights into this relatively unexplored compound class and revealed analogies to both classical transition metal complexes the lighter silicon congener carbon.

Language: Английский

Citations

55

Direct Conversion of N-Alkylamines to N-Propargylamines through C–H Activation Promoted by Lewis Acid/Organocopper Catalysis: Application to Late-Stage Functionalization of Bioactive Molecules DOI
Jessica Z. Chan, Ahmet Yeşilçimen, Min Cao

et al.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(38), P. 16493 - 16505

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

An efficient catalytic method to convert an α-C–H bond of N-alkylamines into α-C–alkynyl was developed. In the past, such transformations were carried out under oxidative conditions, and enantioselective variants confined tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Here, we disclose a for union trimethylsilyl alkynes, without presence external oxidant promoted through cooperative actions two Lewis acids, B(C6F5)3 Cu-based complex. A variety propargylamines can be synthesized in high diastereo- enantioselectivity. The utility approach is demonstrated by late-stage site-selective modification bioactive amines. Kinetic investigations that shed light on various mechanistic nuances process are presented.

Language: Английский

Citations

55

Azine Activation via Silylium Catalysis DOI Creative Commons
Carla Obradors, Benjamin List

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 143(18), P. 6817 - 6822

Published: April 28, 2021

Practical, efficient, and general methods for the diversification of N-heterocycles have been a recurrent goal in chemical synthesis due to ubiquitous influence these motifs within bioactive frameworks. Here, we describe direct, catalytic, selective functionalization azines via silylium activation. Our catalyst design enables mild conditions remarkable functional group tolerance one-pot setup.

Language: Английский

Citations

52

The Power of the Proton: From Superacidic Media to Superelectrophile Catalysis DOI
Hendrik F. T. Klare, Martin Oestreich

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 143(38), P. 15490 - 15507

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Superacidic media became famous in connection with carbocations. Yet not all reactive intermediates can be generated, characterized, and eventually isolated from these Brønsted acid/Lewis acid cocktails. The counteranion, that is the conjugate base, systems often too nucleophilic and/or engages redox chemistry newly formed cation. acidity, especially superacidity, fact even crucial unless protonation of extremely weak bases needs to achieved. Instead, it chemical robustness aforementioned counteranion determines success protolysis. advent molecular superacids derived weakly coordinating, redox-inactive counteranions do withstand enormous reactivity superelectrophiles such as silicon cations completely changed whole field. This Perspective summarizes general aspects medium acidity shows how applications have advanced stoichiometric reactions catalytic processes involving protons situ generated superelectrophiles.

Language: Английский

Citations

44