One hundred and ten years of Allergen Immunotherapy: A journey from empiric observation to evidence

Allergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 77(2), P. 454 - 468

Published: July 27, 2021

One hundred and ten years after Noon's first clinical report of the subcutaneous application allergen extracts, immunotherapy (AIT) has evolved as most important pillar treatment allergic patients. It is only disease-modifying option available evidence for its efficacy safety broad undisputed. Throughout recent decades, more insights into underlying mechanisms, in particular modulation innate adaptive immune responses, have been described. AIT acknowledged by worldwide regulatory authorities, following guidelines product development, products are subject to a rigorous evaluation before obtaining market authorization. Knowledge practice anchored international guidelines, such recently published series European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Innovative approaches continue be further developed with focus on improvement by, example, usage adjuvants, peptides, recombinants, modification allergens, new routes administration, concomitant use biologicals. In addition, real-life data provide complementary valuable information effectiveness tolerability this routine. New mobile health technologies big-data will improve daily convenience, adherence, AIT. However, current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic also had some implications feasibility practicability Taken together, therapy diseases broadly investigated over past 110 laying path innovations improvement.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Probiotics on Respiratory Tract Allergic Disease and Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 22, 2022

Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction triggered by specific cell or antibody-mediated immune mechanisms. Allergies have increased in industrialized countries recent decades. The rise allergic respiratory diseases such as rhinitis (AR) and asthma (AA) potential threat to public health. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar Medline the following key terms: OR AND probiotics, airway inflammation disorders, probiotics gut microbiota disease, inflammatory. Studies from all years included, specifically those published within last 10 years. Some review articles their reference lists searched identify related articles. role of has attracted more attention. Pieces evidence suggested that development causes possible imbalance composition microbiota. Compared colonized mice, germ-free mice exhibit exaggerated responses, suggesting microbial host interactions play an important diseases. Probiotics modulate both innate adaptive inflammatory often used dietary supplements provide health benefits gastrointestinal disorders. may serve immunomodulators activators defense pathways. Besides, oral can response system. Recently, studies humans animals demonstrated probiotic RA AA. To understand characterization, microbiota, intervention AA/AR, this provides overview clinical features AA AR, for prevention treatment AA, changes mechanisms action.

Language: Английский

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Behavioural patterns in allergic rhinitis medication in Europe: A study using MASK‐air^® real‐world data

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(9), P. 2699 - 2711

Published: March 8, 2022

Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This particularly relevant since AR understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search in Google Trends. study aims to assess co-medication regional Europe, using real-world data. We analysed 2015-2020 MASK-air® compared days under no medication, monotherapy the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall symptoms ('VAS Global Symptoms') impact of on work. assessed monthly use different medication schemes, performing separate analyses region (defined geographically or Trends patterns). estimated average number drugs reported per patient within 1 year. 222,024 (13,122 users), including 63,887 (28.8%) 38,315 (17.3%) co-medication. The median 'VAS Symptoms' was 7 days, 14 21 (p < .001). Medication peaked during spring, similar regions Trends). Oral H1 -antihistamines were most single Each an annual 2.7 drugs, 80% reporting two more. Allergic regions. One third treatment involved These findings suggest that treat themselves according their (irrespective how they understand AR) driven symptom severity.

Language: Английский

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The NLRP3 inflammasome as a new target in respiratory disorders treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 20, 2022

In recent years a continuous increase in new cases of respiratory disorders, such as rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has been observed. The exact pathomechanism these diseases is still blurry, resulting the lack targeted effective therapy. conventional use treatment strategies, antihistamine drugs and/or glucocorticosteroids act mainly symptomatically have significant side effects. Specific allergen immunotherapy only useful management specific allergies selected patients. Therefore, therapeutic solutions are constantly being sought. novelty association between NLRP3 inflammasome activation development airway inflammatory diseases. This seems to be an interesting target that may support or even replace traditional therapies future. review presented, discusses contribution allergic COPD. Moreover, modulatory properties probiotics potential inhibitors emphasised.

Language: Английский

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Digitally‐enabled, patient‐centred care in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity: The ARIA‐MASK‐air^®approach

Clinical and Translational Allergy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

MASK-air

Language: Английский

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Quercetin improves the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells and Treg/Th17 cells to attenuate allergic rhinitis

Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(1)

Published: March 20, 2023

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammation that affects many people globally. Quercetin has anti-allergic biological activity in AR. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of quercetin on type 1 helper T (Th1)/Th2 and regulatory cells (Treg)/Th17 balance. We established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model orally administered 20, 35, 50 mg/kg/day quercetin. The nasal symptoms mice were observed. immunoglobulin levels, Treg/Th17-related factors, pro-inflammatory factors examined by ELISA. differentiated visualized using diff-quick staining assay. histopathology was evaluated H&E, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Giemsa results showed attenuated OVA-induced rubbing sneezing. reduced IgE, IgG1, histamine, increased IgG2 serum. number goblet tissues elevated OVA Moreover, Treg cell percentage, levels IL-17, TGF-β, IL-6, TNF-α, decreased Th17 IL-10 FOXP3 while abrogated their induced OVA. Additionally, inactivated NF-κB pathway. Taken together, AR balancing Th1/Th2, Treg/Th17 ratios, inactivating suggested may use for treatment.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Allergic Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 3683 - 3683

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Allergic diseases are a set of chronic inflammatory disorders lung, skin, and nose epithelium characterized by aberrant IgE Th2 cytokine-mediated immune responses to exposed allergens. The prevalence allergic diseases, including asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, has increased dramatically worldwide in the past several decades. Evidence suggests that diet nutrition play key role development severity diseases. Dietary components can differentially regulate inflammation pathways through host gut microbiota-derived metabolites, therefore influencing allergy outcomes positive or negative ways. A broad range nutrients dietary (vitamins A, D, E, minerals Zn, Iron, Se, fiber, fatty acids, phytochemicals) found be effective prevention treatment suppression type 2 inflammation. This paper aims review recent advances etiology allergies, nutritional regulation inflammation, clinical findings about nutrient supplementation treating current literature potential efficacy plant-based diets reducing symptoms. Further trials warranted examine beneficial effects anti-allergic management

Language: Английский

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Differential modulation of allergic rhinitis nasal transcriptome by dupilumab and allergy immunotherapy

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(4), P. 894 - 907

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Abstract Background Nasal epithelial cells are important regulators of barrier function and immune signaling; however, in allergic rhinitis (AR) these functions can be disrupted by inflammatory mediators. We aimed to better discern AR disease mechanisms using transcriptome data from nasal brushing samples individuals with without AR. Methods Data were drawn a feasibility study Timothy grass clinical trial evaluating 16 weeks treatment the following: dupilumab, monoclonal antibody that binds interleukin (IL)‐4Rα inhibits type 2 inflammation blocking signaling both IL‐4/IL‐13; subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), which responses through pleiotropic effects; SCIT + dupilumab; or placebo. Using studies, we defined distinct gene signatures tissue after allergen challenge (NAC) assessed how modulated drug(s). Results Treatment dupilumab (normalized enrichment score [NES] = −1.73, p .002) (NES −2.55, < .001), but not alone +1.16, .107), significantly repressed signature. Dupilumab −2.99, −3.15, .001) all NAC Conclusion These results demonstrate is an contributor pathophysiology inhibition pathway may normalize expression.

Language: Английский

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BindCraft: one-shot design of functional protein binders

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are at the core of all key biological processes. However, complexity structural features that determine PPIs makes their design challenging. We present BindCraft, an open-source and automated pipeline for

Language: Английский

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The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Abstract The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, 350,000 new chemical substances have introduced to lives humans. In recent years, epithelial barrier theory came light explaining growing and exacerbations these worldwide. It attributes their onset a functionally impaired triggered by toxicity exposed substances, associated with microbial dysbiosis, immune system activation, inflammation. Diseases encompassed share common features such as an increased after 1960s or 2000s that cannot (solely) be accounted for emergence improved diagnostic methods. Other traits include defects, dysbiosis loss commensals colonization opportunistic pathogens, circulating inflammatory cells cytokines. addition, practically unrelated fulfill criteria started emerge multimorbidities during last Here, we provide comprehensive overview discuss evidence similarities epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, dysfunction, tissue

Language: Английский

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