Smoking Cessation and Short- and Longer-Term Mortality

NEJM Evidence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation reduces mortality and morbidity. However, the extent rapidity at which contemporary death rates from smoking-related illnesses remain uncertain. METHODS: We pooled current or former versus never cigarette smoker hazard ratios four national cohorts with linkage to registries in United States, Kingdom, Norway, Canada among adults 20 79 years of age 1974 2018. calculated excess risk differences survival, comparing smokers age-specific fewer than 3, 3 9, 10 more earlier. RESULTS: Among 1.48 million followed for 15 years, 122,697 deaths occurred. Adjusting age, education, alcohol use, obesity, had higher compared (2.8 women, 2.7 men). Survival between 40 was 12 13 less women men, respectively, who smoked (about 24 26 life lost died smoking combined zero loss did not die smoking). Former showed lower (1.3 both Short-term associated a 95% 90% men younger notable beneficial associations also 49 (81% 61%, respectively) 50 59 (63% 54%, respectively). Cessation every longer particularly before age. all ages continued smoking, potentially averted 5 about lost, yielding survival similar that smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Quitting any but overall vascular, respiratory, neoplastic diseases. Beneficial were evident as early after cessation. (Funded by Canadian Institutes Health Research [FDN-154277].)

Language: Английский

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Canonical correlation analysis of family burden of disease and quality of life in caregivers of people living with schizophrenia: evidence from Schizophrenia-specific cohort in the less-developed multi-ethnic region of Southwest China

BMC Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Health-related quality of life is a multi-dimensional concept that involves individual's perceived physical and mental health, social relationships, environment. Family members are the primary caregivers people living with schizophrenia in China, caregiver generally poorer, which may indirectly affect schizophrenia. We conducted comprehensive survey on based Schizophrenia-specific cohort Less-developed Multi-ethnic Region Southwest China to validate accessibility effectiveness family care model at level, were selected as participants Baoshan City, Yunnan Province from September 2022 March 2023, life, burden disease, sociodemographic behavioral information collected. Domain scores for physical, psychological, environment 13.50 ± 2.61, 12.67 2.40, 13.64 2.32, 12.46 1.76 respectively. In our study, we found gender, age, education personal monthly income, history smoking alcohol consumption, subjective sleep quality, relation patient, degree self-care number relapses patient all influence 1 4 domains caregivers, stratified analysis was minimize effect gender results, still could positively predict score psychological domain consumption relationships domain. Canonical correlation showed 'impact interaction' disease most closely related life. Building harmonious can help improve People

Language: Английский

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Nicotine: From Discovery to Biological Effects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14570 - 14570

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Nicotine, the primary psychoactive agent in tobacco leaves, has led to widespread use of tobacco, with over one billion smokers globally. This article provides a historical overview and discusses dependence, as well biological effects induced by nicotine on mammalian cells. Nicotine induces various effects, such neoangiogenesis, cell division, proliferation, it affects neural non-neural cells through specific pathways downstream nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). Specific mediated α7 nAChRs are highlighted. is highly addictive hazardous. Public health initiatives should prioritize combating smoking its associated risks. Understanding nicotine’s complex essential for comprehensive research informed policies. While potential links between COVID-19 severity warrant further investigation, remains significant cause morbidity mortality Effective public strategies vital promote healthier lifestyles.

Language: Английский

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Reductions in smoking due to ratification of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control in 171 countries

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 683 - 689

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract Smoking globally kills over half of long-term smokers and causes about 7 million annual deaths. The World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) is the main global policy strategy to combat smoking, but its effectiveness uncertain. Our interrupted time series analyses compared before- after-FCTC trends in numbers prevalence below age 25 years (when smoking initiation occurs during which response interventions greatest) on cessation at 45–59 quitting probably occurs) 170 countries, excluding China. Contrasting 10 after FCTC ratification with income-specific before-FCTC trends, we observed cumulative decreases 15.5% (95% confidence interval = −33.2 −0.7) current −7.5% CI −10.6 −4.5) years. quit ratio (comparing former ever smokers) increased by 1.8% (1.2 2.3) ratification. Countries raising taxes least percentage points concurrent steeper all three outcomes than countries that did not. Over a decade across was associated 24 fewer young 2 more quitters.

Language: Английский

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An updated review on chemical constituents from Nicotiana tabacum L.: Chemical diversity and pharmacological properties

Industrial Crops and Products, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 214, P. 118497 - 118497

Published: April 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1796 - 1796

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Currently, the number of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) users are steadily increasing, while classic cigarette decreasing. The effects smoking cigarettes on human health have been thoroughly described in literature, but negative e-cigarettes HTPs body not clearly defined. Among different forms tobacco, those at a particularly high risk developing particular disease entities should be identified, allowing for faster implementation potential treatments, including psychotherapeutic ones. Biomarkers used this purpose. This paper summarizes these compounds from exposure groups cigarettes, e-cigarettes, HTPs, presents changes their concentrations fluids users. review discusses impact use relation to levels following biomarkers: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, Il-13, TGF-β, VEGF EGF, HGF, BDNF, MMP-9, CRP, microplastics, selected parameters oxidative stress. also includes suggested treatment, Tobacco Product Use Reduction Programs, minimize above-mentioned products.

Language: Английский

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Initial and ongoing tobacco smoking elicits vascular damage and distinct inflammatory response linked to neurodegeneration

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28, P. 100597 - 100597

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Tobacco smoking is strongly linked to vascular damage contributing the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis, as well increasing risk for neurodegeneration. Still, involvement innate immune system in upon chronic tobacco use before onset clinical symptoms not fully characterized. Our data provide evidence that a single acute exposure elicits secretion extracellular vesicles expressing CD105 and CD49e from endothelial cells, granting further recognition early preclinical biomarkers damage. Furthermore, we investigated effects on healthy asymptomatic smokers compared never-smokers, focusing system. reveal distinct landscape representative stages clinically smokers, related diseases develop. These results indicate dysregulated immuno-vascular axis are otherwise considered individuals. The alterations characterized by increased CD36 expression blood monocyte subsets, neutrophilia plasma IL-18 reduced levels IL-33, IL-10 IL-8. Additionally, circulating BDNF elevated sTREM2, which associated with neurodegeneration, suggest considerable impact CNS function findings profound insight into initial ongoing potential neurodegenerative disorders, specifically cerebrovascular dysfunction dementia.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(21), P. 2552 - 2552

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

E-cigarette use has been reported to affect cell viability, induce DNA damage, and modulate an inflammatory response resulting in negative health consequences. Most studies focus on oral lung disease associated with e-cigarette use. However, tissue damage can be found the cardio-vascular system even bladder. While levels of carcinogenic compounds aerosols are lower than those conventional cigarette smoke, toxicants generated by heat vaping device may include probable human carcinogens. Furthermore, nicotine, although not a carcinogen, metabolized nitrosamines. Nitrosamines known carcinogens have shown present saliva e-cig users, demonstrating risk vaping. E-cig vape adducts, promoting oxidative stress NF-kB-driven inflammation. Together, these processes increase transcription pro-inflammatory cytokines. This creates microenvironment thought play key role tumorigenesis, it is too early know long-term effects review considers different aspects e-cigarette-induced cellular changes, including generation reactive oxygen species, repair, inflammation, possible tumorigenic effects.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of insula deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with varenicline for smoking cessation: A randomized, double-blind, sham controlled trial

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 1501 - 1509

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Autophagy: A potential target for natural products in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 116891 - 116891

Published: June 12, 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the mucosa of colon and rectum. UC characterized by recurrent episodes, often necessitating lifelong medication use, imposing significant burden on patients. Current conventional advanced treatments for have disadvantages insufficient efficiency, susceptibility to drug resistance, notable adverse effects. Therefore, developing effective safe drugs has become an urgent need. Autophagy intracellular degradation process that plays important role in intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests aberrant autophagy involved development UC, modulating can effectively alleviate experimental colitis. A growing number studies established interplay with endoplasmic reticulum stress, gut microbiota, apoptosis, NLRP3 inflammasome, all which contribute pathogenesis UC. In addition, variety epithelial cells, including absorptive goblet Paneth as well other cell types like neutrophils, antigen-presenting stem cells gut, mediate through autophagy. To date, many found natural products hold potential exert therapeutic effects regulating This review focuses possible pharmacological mechanisms target recent years, aiming provide basis new development.

Language: Английский

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