Utilization of immunological ratios in HIV: Implications for monitoring and therapeutic strategies

Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(9), P. e37354 - e37354

Published: March 1, 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a significant global health concern, necessitating ongoing research and innovation in the quest for improved disease management. Traditional markers monitoring HIV progression effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy have limitations capturing intricate immune responses inflammatory dynamics people with HIV. In recent years, concept inflammation ratios has gained prominence as valuable tool assessing understanding complex interplay between inflammation, function, this abstract, we provide an overview emerging field utilizing context its implications therapeutic strategies. These ratios, such CD4/CD8 ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte monocyte-to-lymphocyte offer more comprehensive assessment individual's status state. By exploring clinical including their potential to predict complications guide personalized treatment approaches, publication sheds light on benefits incorporating into routine care. Furthermore, emphasize importance further refine our utility significance improving lives

Language: Английский

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Modelling HIV-1 control and remission

npj Systems Biology and Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Remarkable advances are being made in developing interventions for eliciting long-term remission of HIV-1 infection. The success these will obviate the need lifelong antiretroviral therapy, current standard-of-care, and benefit millions living today with HIV-1. Mathematical modelling has significant contributions to efforts. It helped elucidate possible mechanistic origins natural post-treatment control, deduced potential pathways loss such quantified effects interventions, developed frameworks their rational optimization. Yet, several important questions remain, posing challenges translation promising interventions. Here, we survey recent mathematical control remission, highlight contributions, discuss avenues future developments.

Language: Английский

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Applications of cell therapy in the treatment of virus-associated cancers

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 709 - 724

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Drivers of HIV self-test kit among Tanzanian men aged 15–49: findings from the 2022 TDHS-MIS cross-sectional study

AIDS Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

The introduction of the HIV self-test kit in early 2000s was a major breakthrough combating HIV. This study determines social demographic and sexual behaviour driving use kits. used secondary data obtained from Tanzania DHS-MIS 2022. survey uses stratified two-stage sample design. first stage involved selection clusters consisting enumeration areas, second sampling, 26 households were selected each cluster. mean age = 28.6 years. Usage kits found to be low (3.9%). odds using 2.2 6.6 times more likely among those with primary (aOR 2.2, 95%CI 2.2–2.3) 6.6, 6.6–6.7) education compared without respectively. As increases, increases. Men residing rural areas about 40% less dwelling urban 0.6, P < 0.0001). Significant factors associated usage include sex household head, level, marital status, wealth age, ever heard sexually transmitted infection condom during intercourse. than areas. It is essential raise awareness improve access for informed populations, such as living

Language: Английский

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Influence of cytokines on the recovery trajectory of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: A review

Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(1), P. e41222 - e41222

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Cytokines, critical signaling molecules in the immune system, significantly influence pathophysiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and effectiveness antiretroviral therapy (ART). Dysregulated cytokine production, characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory cytokines, plays a pivotal role chronic inflammation activation untreated HIV patients. ART initiation leads to changes levels, typically resulting decreased systemic inflammation, though extent persistence these vary among individuals. Despite successful viral suppression with ART, many patients experience persistent driven ongoing dysregulation. This inflammatory state is associated adverse clinical outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive impairment, non-AIDS-related cancers. Understanding specific profiles that contribute outcomes crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions improve long-term health. Cytokine modulation presents promising avenue enhancing recovery reducing on ART. Identifying patterns serve as biomarkers disease progression treatment response can help tailor individualized strategies. Future research should focus adjunctive therapies target activity mitigate residual thereby improving overall health quality life

Language: Английский

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CCR5-ligand decorated rilpivirine lipid-based nanoparticles for sustained antiretroviral responses

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the quality of life for those living with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1). However, poor compliance reduces ART effectiveness and leads to immune compromise, viral mutations, disease co-morbidities. Here we develop a drug formulation in which lipid-based nanoparticle (LBNP) carrying rilpivirine (RPV) is decorated C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) targeting peptide. This facilitates extended persistence within myeloid cells. Particle delivery reservoirs tracked by positron emission tomography. The CCR5-mediated LBNP cell uptake retention reduce HIV-1 replication monocyte-derived macrophages infected humanized mice (hu mice). Focused ultrasound microbubbles mediated blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption allows CCR5-targeted penetrate BBB reach These findings offer role therapeutics antiretroviral optimize HIV suppression.

Language: Английский

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Increases in the susceptibility of human endometrial CD4+ T cells to HIV-1 infection post-menopause are not dependent on greater viral receptor expression frequency

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Epidemiological evidence suggests that post-menopausal women are more susceptible to HIV infection following sexual intercourse than younger cohorts for reasons remain unclear. Here, we evaluated how menopause-associated changes in CD4 + T cell numbers and subsets as well coreceptor expression, particularly CCR5, the endometrium (EM), endocervix (CX), ectocervix (ECX) may alter susceptibility. Using a tissue-specific mixed model, demonstrate while no CD14 macrophage susceptibility were observed, HIV-1 frequency increases menopause EM, but not CX nor ECX. Unexpectedly, expression of two known correlates susceptibly, CCR5 integrin-α4β7, increased across all three tissues despite only being associated with EM derived cells. After controlling either receptor, both α4β7 expressing cells isolated from remained those pre-menopausal women. Shifts helper subset composition, including Th1 decreases Th17 Treg also observed menopause, did correlate frequency. Treatment 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) prior viral infection, reduced independent or Our results post is unlikely be driven by integrin-α4β7. These findings contribute our understanding advanced age alters risk which will become increasingly important human population continues age.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Food Intake or Coadministration With an Acid‐Reducing Agent on Lenacapavir Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Administration

Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abstract Lenacapavir is a potent, long‐acting HIV‐1 capsid inhibitor used in combination with other antiretrovirals to treat infection. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs may be affected by food intake or coadministration acid‐reducing agents (ARA). Two Phase 1 studies were conducted on healthy participants evaluate the effect and impact histamine H 2 ‐receptor antagonist famotidine parallel cohorts. In Study 1, oral lenacapavir (300 mg) was under fasting conditions, after standardized high‐fat meal, low‐fat meal (n = 8/cohort). 2, 300 mg alone 27) hours (40 mg; n 25), each conditions. For versus fasted comparison, percentage geometric least‐squares mean (%GLSM) ratios for area curve infinity (AUC inf ) maximum concentration (C max 115.2 145.2, respectively. %GLSM AUC C 98.6 115.8, respectively, state. study, ratio from time zero last quantifiable 137.4, 100.6. Based available clinical safety data, exposure increases observed these not expected clinically relevant. Overall, data support dosing without regard ARAs.

Language: Английский

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Comparative efficacy of antifungal drugs for the treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients: A Bayesian network meta-analysis

Medicina Clínica (English Edition), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 164(2), P. 76 - 83

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Aging with HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment

AIDS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 215 - 228

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most effective therapeutic intervention for HIV infection. With improved survival, comorbidities, including neuropsychiatric and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) are of increasing concern to aging people with (PWH). The clinical features inter-individual variability process confound elucidation diagnosis underlying mechanisms cognitive dysfunction in PWH. Herein, we review aspects NCI PWH contrasting normative neuro-aging seen without (PWoH) address growing role biomarkers predict onset age-related diseases their significance. There an urgent need further research into specific immune brain predicting how these may assist understanding possible prognosis comorbidities as endpoint interventional studies.

Language: Английский

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