The Scalp, Skull and Brain DOI

John M. Hutson AO,

FRCSI Michael O'Brien,

FRACS Spencer W. Beasley

et al.

Published: Nov. 24, 2014

Measurement of head circumference is an essential component the routine examination a young child. The infant's may enlarge because thickening skull bones, which readily recognisable in plain x-rays, for example, diffuse fibrous dysplasia. Obstruction to flow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) most common cause hydrocephalus. Errors development scalp, and brain are not as those spinal cord, but they present same variety abnormalities. Defects at cephalic end embryonic neural tube much less than thoracolumbar region. Medulloblastoma malignant tumour vermis forming large mass that blocks fourth ventricle. Intracranial vascular disorders include arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, vein Galen malformations.

Language: Английский

Congenital hydrocephalus: a review of recent advances in genetic etiology and molecular mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Xiuyun Liu,

Xin Song,

Marek Czosnyka

et al.

Military Medical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Abstract The global prevalence rate for congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is approximately one out of every five hundred births with multifaceted predisposing factors at play. Genetic influences stand as a major contributor to CH pathogenesis, and epidemiological evidence suggests their involvement in up 40% all cases observed globally. Knowledge about an individual’s genetic susceptibility can significantly improve prognostic precision while aiding clinical decision-making processes. However, the precise etiology has only been pinpointed fewer than 5% human instances. More occurrences are required comprehensive gene sequencing aimed uncovering additional potential loci. A deeper comprehension its underlying genetics may offer invaluable insights into molecular cellular basis this brain disorder. This review provides summary pertinent genes identified through technologies humans, addition 4 currently associated (two X-linked L1CAM AP1S2 , two autosomal recessive MPDZ CCDC88C ). Others predominantly participate aqueduct abnormalities, ciliary movement, nervous system development. prospective CH-related revealed animal model gene-editing techniques further outlined, focusing mainly on pathways, namely cilia synthesis ion channels transportation, Reissner’s fiber (RF) synthesis, cell apoptosis, neurogenesis. Notably, proper functioning motile significant impulsion cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation within ventricles mutations cilia-related constitute primary cause condition. So far, limited number CH-associated have humans. integration genotype phenotype disease diagnosis represents new trend medical field. Animal models provide pathogenesis contribute our understanding association related complications, such renal cysts, scoliosis, cardiomyopathy, these also play role development diseases. Genes discovered animals present targets treatments but require validation future studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
A Comprehensive Review of Pediatric Hydrocephalus DOI Open Access

Lakshmi C. Devarapalli,

Kelley Williams, Terry Oroszi

et al.

Open Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(01), P. 21 - 37

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition caused by an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) buildup in the brain's ventricles. This excess causes ventricles to enlarge, increasing pressure within brain. CSF typically flows through and around spinal column, bathing However, increased from associated with hydrocephalus can damage brain tissue lead various problems cognitive function. While it occur at any age, most common infants adults over 60. It has been subject of fascination for physicians throughout history due its striking presentation. Two main types exist: obstructive (noncommunicating) communicating. A blockage flow hydrocephalus, while communicating occurs when body's ability absorb impaired. The review delves into intricacies exploring causes, symptoms, pathophysiology. latest research on topic examined, including innovative treatment approaches ongoing challenges managing this complex condition.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The glymphatic system DOI
Hashmat Ghanizada,

Maiken Nedergaard

Handbook of clinical neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 161 - 170

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Advection versus diffusion in brain ventricular transport DOI Creative Commons
Halvor Herlyng, Ada J. Ellingsrud, Miroslav Kuchta

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is integral to brain function. CSF provides mechanical support for the and helps distribute nutrients, neurotransmitters metabolites throughout central nervous system. flow driven by several processes, including beating of motile cilia located on walls ventricles. Despite physiological importance CSF, underlying mechanisms solute transport in ventricles remain be comprehensively resolved. This study analyzes evaluates specifically role transport. We developed finite element methods modeling using geometry zebrafish larval ventricles, which we have detailed knowledge properties motion. The computational model validated vivo experiments that monitor a photoconvertible protein secreted Our results show while contribute advection large particles, diffusion plays significant small solutes. also demonstrate how location ventricular system impact distribution. Altogether, this work presents framework can applied other systems, together with new concepts molecules are transported within its

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Do not Forget to Measure the Head: Hydrocephalus Can Phenotypically Mimic Developmental Coordination Disorder DOI Creative Commons
Martinica Garofalo, Jelte Helfferich,

Reina W. Kloet

et al.

Journal of Child Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition presenting with poor motor skill development and impaired coordination at young age. To diagnose DCD, neurologic conditions explanatory for the phenotype, including structural brain abnormalities like hydrocephalus, must be first ruled out. However, these may phenotypically mimic which can hamper their distinction. In this article, we report patient in whom initial diagnosis of DCD was withdrawn after identification acquired hydrocephalus. An important cue case secondary macrocephaly (from +0.00 to +2.25 standard deviations over approximately 6 years’ time). This illustrates that, children whose phenotypes seemingly fulfill criteria, it rule out an underlying, treatable etiology before making DCD. Since few mimicking present macrocephaly, performing longitudinal head circumference measurements useful timely identify conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Three-Dimensional Imaging Sensor-Based Non-Contact Measurement of Neonatal Head Circumference in Incubators DOI Creative Commons

Khin Dagon Win,

Kikuhito Kawasue,

Masatoki Kaneko

et al.

Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 1869 - 1869

Published: March 18, 2025

In Japan, birth rates are declining, but there a rising number of underweight newborns who require specialized care in neonatal intensive units (NICUs). Head circumference is an important indicator brain development for low-birth-weight infants. However, measuring head requires extreme because infants have fragile skin. Therefore, non-contact measurement system using 3D imaging sensor was developed. Using this system, three-dimensional data newborn’s can be obtained from outside the incubator. Briefly, images taken above incubator, so area behind that cannot captured by camera, estimation takes into account fact contact with mat. The proposed method allows without touching newborn. This approach minimizes stress both neonate and nurse improves efficiency safety NICU.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Elevated interstitial flow in the cerebrospinal fluid microenvironment accelerates glioblastoma cell migration on a microfluidic chip DOI

Wanting Hu,

Hua Sun,

Huibo Qi

et al.

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In the presence of interstitial flow (IF), changing both cell densities and cellular environment results in increased motility, which indicates reliability microfluidic chips for modeling complex physiological environments.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A mathematical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in subarachnoid space with poro-elasticity DOI
Hemalatha Balasundaram,

R. Vijayalakshmi,

M Kala

et al.

Radiation effects and defects in solids, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neural Stem Cell Changes and Spatial Distribution of AQP4 Expression in a Fetal Goat Model of Obstructive Hydrocephalus DOI Creative Commons

Xinting Ji,

Qin Zhang,

Yuantao Yang

et al.

IBRO Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Sox2-overexpressing neural stem cells alleviate ventricular enlargement and neurological dysfunction in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus DOI Creative Commons

Baocheng Gao,

Haoxiang Wang, Shuang Hu

et al.

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 769 - 779

Published: April 30, 2025

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202602000-00045/figure1/v/2025-05-05T160104Z/r/image-tiff Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, their transplantation has achieved good efficacy in a variety of diseases. However, only 1%–10% transplanted NSCs survive ischemic hypoxic microenvironment posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Sox2 is an important factor to maintain proliferation. Therefore, Sox2-overexpressing (NSC ) may be more successful improving neurological dysfunction after In this study, human NSC was into hydrocephalus mouse model, retinoic acid administered further promote differentiation. The results showed that attenuated ventricular enlargement caused by improved function. also promoted nerve regeneration, inhibited neuroinflammation M2 polarization (anti-inflammatory phenotype), thereby reducing cerebrospinal fluid secretion choroid plexus. These findings suggest rescued induced through neural regeneration modulation inflammation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0