Epigenetic regulation in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and advances in clinical study

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Epigenetics regulates gene expression and has been confirmed to play a critical role in variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), osteoporosis, gout, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism others. The term ‘epigenetics’ was firstly proposed 1942 with the development technologies, exploration epigenetics made great progresses. There are four main epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which exert different effects on diseases. Genetic non-genetic factors, ageing, diet, exercise, interact jointly affect formation phenotype. Understanding could be applied diagnosing treating diseases clinic, biomarkers, drugs, editing. In this review, we introduce brief history well milestone events since proposal ‘epigenetics’. Moreover, summarise research methods general mechanisms modulation. Furthermore, interaction between genetic or factors. Finally, clinical trials applications

Language: Английский

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Potential Use of Exosomes as Diagnostic Biomarkers and in Targeted Drug Delivery: Progress in Clinical and Preclinical Applications

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 2106 - 2149

Published: May 14, 2021

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing heterogeneous active biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, receptors, immune regulatory molecules, and nucleic acids. They typically range in size from 30 to 150 nm diameter. An exosome's surfaces can be bioengineered with antibodies, fluorescent dye, peptides, tailored for small molecule large biologics. have enormous potential a drug delivery vehicle due enhanced biocompatibility, excellent payload capability, reduced immunogenicity compared alternative polymeric-based carriers. Because of targeting specificity, exosomes capable delivering their cargo exosome-recipient cells. Additionally, potentially act early stage disease diagnostic tools the exosome carries various protein biomarkers associated specific disease. In this review, we summarize recent progress on composition, biological characterization, isolation techniques. Finally, outline clinical applications preclinical advancement provide an outlook importance use targeted delivery, biomarker study, vaccine development.

Language: Английский

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Local hyperthermia therapy induces browning of white fat and treats obesity

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(6), P. 949 - 966.e19

Published: March 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Exosomes in atherosclerosis: performers, bystanders, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 3996 - 4010

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles originating from the endosomal system that carry many macromolecules their parental cells and play important roles in intercellular communication. The functions underlying mechanisms of exosomes atherosclerosis have recently been intensively studied. In this review, we briefly introduce exosome biology then focus on advances atherosclerosis, specifically exosomal changes associated with cellular origins potential functional cargos, detailed impacts recipient cells. We also discuss as biomarkers drug carriers for managing atherosclerosis.

Language: Английский

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Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 27 - 49

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emerging Roles as Cellular Messengers in Endocrinology: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 441 - 468

Published: April 21, 2022

Abstract During the last decade, there has been great interest in elucidating biological role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly, their hormone-like cell-to-cell communication. The field endocrinology is uniquely placed to provide insight into functions EVs, which are secreted from all cells fluids and carry endocrine signals engage paracellular distal interactions. EVs a heterogeneous population membrane-bound varying size, content, bioactivity. specifically packaged with signaling molecules, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, released via exocytosis biofluid compartments. regulate activity both proximal target cells, translational activity, metabolism, growth, development. As such, represents an integral pathway mediating intercellular Moreover, as content cell-type specific, it “fingerprint” releasing cell its metabolic status. Recently, changes profile EV bioactivity have described several endocrine-related conditions diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, cancer. goal this statement highlight relevant aspects research potential endocrinology.

Language: Английский

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miRNAs as cornerstones in adipogenesis and obesity

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 315, P. 121382 - 121382

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive overview of microRNA function in rheumatoid arthritis

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous single-stranded short noncoding RNAs, have emerged as vital epigenetic regulators both pathological and physiological processes in animals. They direct fundamental cellular pathways by fine-tuning the expression multiple genes at posttranscriptional level. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs are implicated onset development rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is chronic inflammatory disease mainly affects synovial joints. This common autoimmune disorder characterized complex multifaceted pathogenesis, its morbidity, disability mortality rates remain consistently high. More in-depth insights into underlying mechanisms required to address unmet clinical needs optimize treatment. Herein, we comprehensively review deregulated impaired functions shed light on several aspects with focus excessive inflammation, hyperplasia progressive joint damage. also provides promising targets for innovative therapies RA. In addition, discuss regulatory roles potential extracellular RA, highlighting their prospective applications diagnostic predictive biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Diet on miRNA Regulation and Its Implications for Health: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 770 - 770

Published: March 7, 2024

The evidence suggests that diet can modulate endogenous microRNA (miRNA) expression. Changes in miRNA expression may affect metabolic processes and consequently be involved health status disease development. aim of this systematic review was to summarize the role specific food components regulation discuss its implications for human PubMed, Embase Web Science databases were searched accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) guidelines relevant studies. A total 32 interventional 5 observational studies performed adults evaluating dietary modulation included. Energy- fat-controlled diets along plant-based foods show substantial modulating levels. Plasma, serum peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are main sources used measure miRNAs. 108 miRNAs modulated by identified. We confirmed habits closely associated Particularly, energy content fat intake appeared key factors influencing Furthermore, since several biological processes, modulatory process lead disorders.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 155919 - 155919

Published: April 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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