Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 875 - 875
Published: April 20, 2023
Immunological
memory
is
the
key
source
of
protective
immunity
against
pathogens.
At
current
stage
COVID-19
pandemic,
heterologous
combinations
exposure
to
viral
antigens
during
infection
and/or
vaccination
shape
a
distinctive
immunological
memory.
Immune
imprinting,
downside
memory,
might
limit
generation
de
novo
immune
response
variant
or
next-generation
vaccines.
Here,
we
review
mechanistic
basis
imprinting
by
focusing
on
B
cell
immunobiology
and
discuss
extent
which
harmful,
as
well
its
effect
SARS-CoV-2
vaccination.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 408 - 408
Published: Feb. 10, 2023
The
coronavirus
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
was
caused
by
a
positive
sense
single-stranded
RNA
(ssRNA)
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
However,
other
human
coronaviruses
(hCoVs)
exist.
Historical
pandemics
include
smallpox
and
influenza,
with
efficacious
therapeutics
utilized
to
reduce
overall
disease
burden
through
effectively
targeting
competent
host
immune
system
response.
is
composed
of
primary/secondary
lymphoid
structures
initially
eight
types
cell
types,
many
subtypes,
traversing
membranes
utilizing
signaling
cascades
that
contribute
towards
clearance
pathogenic
proteins.
Other
proteins
discussed
cluster
differentiation
(CD)
markers,
major
histocompatibility
complexes
(MHC),
pleiotropic
interleukins
(IL),
chemokines
(CXC).
historical
concepts
immunity
are
the
innate
adaptive
systems.
represented
T
cells,
B
antibodies.
macrophages,
neutrophils,
dendritic
complement
system.
viruses
can
affect
regulate
cycle
progression
for
example,
in
cancers
papillomavirus
(HPV:
cervical
carcinoma),
Epstein-Barr
virus
(EBV:
lymphoma),
Hepatitis
C
(HB/HC:
hepatocellular
carcinoma)
Leukemia
Virus-1
(T
leukemia).
Bacterial
infections
also
increase
risk
developing
cancer
(e.g.,
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
42(3), P. 112167 - 112167
Published: Feb. 15, 2023
mRNA
vaccines
are
effective
in
preventing
severe
COVID-19,
but
breakthrough
infections,
emerging
variants,
and
waning
immunity
warrant
the
use
of
boosters.
Although
boosters
being
implemented,
extent
to
which
pre-existing
influences
efficacy
remains
unclear.
In
a
cohort
individuals
primed
with
mRNA-1273
or
BNT162b2
vaccines,
we
report
that
lower
antibody
levels
before
boost
associated
higher
fold-increase
after
boost,
suggesting
modulates
immunogenicity
vaccines.
Our
studies
mice
show
antibodies
accelerate
clearance
vaccine
antigen
via
Fc-dependent
mechanisms,
limiting
amount
available
prime
B
cell
responses
These
data
demonstrate
"tug
war"
between
de
novo
following
vaccination,
they
suggest
transient
downmodulation
effector
function
may
improve
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 875 - 875
Published: April 20, 2023
Immunological
memory
is
the
key
source
of
protective
immunity
against
pathogens.
At
current
stage
COVID-19
pandemic,
heterologous
combinations
exposure
to
viral
antigens
during
infection
and/or
vaccination
shape
a
distinctive
immunological
memory.
Immune
imprinting,
downside
memory,
might
limit
generation
de
novo
immune
response
variant
or
next-generation
vaccines.
Here,
we
review
mechanistic
basis
imprinting
by
focusing
on
B
cell
immunobiology
and
discuss
extent
which
harmful,
as
well
its
effect
SARS-CoV-2
vaccination.
